Biomarkers of Diseases & Conditions
Urine in Clinical Proteomics

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Urine has become one of the most attractive biofluids in clinical proteomics as it can be obtained non-invasively in large quantities and is stable compared with other biofluids. The urinary proteome has been studied by almost any proteomics technology, but mass spectrometry-based urinary protein and peptide profiling has emerged as most suitable for clinical application. After a period of descriptive urinary proteomics the field is moving out of the discovery phase into an era of validation of urinary biomarkers in larger prospective studies. Although mainly due to the site of production of urine, the majority of these studies apply to the kidney and the urinary tract, but recent data show that analysis of the urinary proteome can also be highly informative on non-urogenital diseases and used in their classification. Despite this progress in urinary biomarker discovery, the contribution of urinary proteomics to the understanding of the pathophysiology of disease upon analysis of the urinary proteome is still modest mainly because of problems associated to sequence identification of the biomarkers. Until now, research has focused on the highly abundant urinary proteins and peptides, but analysis of the less abundant and naturally existing urinary proteins and peptides still remains a challenge. In conclusion, urine has evolved as one of the most attractive body fluids in clinical proteomics with potentially a rapid application in the clinic.

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Published, MCP Papers in Press, July 30, 2008, DOI 10.1074/mcp.R800001-MCP200

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Sponsored by the INSERM Interface program. Supported by Agence Nationale pour la Recherche Grant ANR-07-PHYSIO-004-01, the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale “Grands Equipements pour la Recherche Biomédicale,” and the Contrat Plan Eátat Région (CPER) 2007–2013 program.

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Supported by the CNRS, the Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Agence Nationale pour la Recherche Grant ANR-07-PHYSIO-004-01, the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale “Grands Equipements pour la Recherche Biomédicale,” and the CPER 2007–2013 program.

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Supported in part by EUROTRANS-BIO Grant ETB-2006-016 and European Union funding through InGenious HyperCare Grant LSHM-C7-2006-037093 and PREDICTIONS Grant 1272568.

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Supported by the CNRS, the Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Agence Nationale pour la Recherche Grant ANR-07-PHYSIO-004-01, the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale “Grands Equipements pour la Recherche Biomédicale,” and the CPER 2007–2013 program.