Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Forest health in plantation forests in south-east asia

  • Published:
Australasian Plant Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In South-East Asia, forest plantations are increasingly important sources of industrial wood for the future; thereby indirectly playing a role in the conservation of natural forest resources. Exotic species are mostly being planted with the expectation of harvest after 15 years or earlier. Their growth rates have generally been encouraging, and some species have performed surprisingly well on poor sites. With the large-scale establishment of these species, several disease problems have emerged, some with the potential to reduce plantation productivity and value of the timber. Eucalypts are the most widely grown exotic plantation species in South-East Asia followed by acacias and teak. The main disease threats to eucalypts are stem cankers and leaf and shoot blight diseases. Acacia auriculforrnis and A. mangium are the most popular species of tropical acacias. A phyllode rust, heart rot and root rot are the most serious threats to these plantations. Although a number of diseases have been reported from teak, presently none appear to be particularly threatening. The most significant disease of tropical pines is a needle blight whereas a blister bark disease is the most serious threat to the two main species of casuarinas grown in South-East Asia, i.e. C. equisetfolia and C. junghuhniana. Paraserianthesfalcataria, a fast-growing legume is also popular but the success of these plantations may be limited by pink disease and a gall rust. Options for management of these disease threats are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Almonicar, R.S. (1992)—Two types of root rot diseases affecting Acacia mangium. Nitrogen Fixing Tree Research Reports 10: 94–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anon. (1997)—The zero burning technique for oil palm cultivation. Golden Hope Plantations Berhad, Kuala Lumpur.

  • Anon. (1993)—SFIIJTF Annual Report 1993. Sabah Forest Industries, Mimeo.

  • Arentz, F (1990)—Diseases of forest plantationt rees in Papua New Guinea In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Plant Protection In the Tropics Vol IV, pp 151–155, Genting Highlands, 20–23 March 1990 Malaysian Plant Protection Society

  • Bandara, P.D.M.G.D. (1990)—Insects and diseases of forest plantations in Sri Lanka. In Proceedings of the IUFRO Workshop on Pests and Diseases of Forest Plantations in the Asia-Pacific Region. (Eds C. Hutacharern, K.G. MacDicken, M.H. Ivory and K.S.S. Nair), pp 81–85. Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakshi, B.K. (1964)—Diseases of Tectona grandis. In Diseases of Widely Planted Forest Trees, pp. 234–237. FAO/IUFRO International Symposium on Dangerous Forest Diseases and Insects, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakshi, B.K. (1976)—Forest Pathology Principles and Practice in Forestry. Delhi, Controller of Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boerboom, J.H.A. and Maas, P.W. (1970)—Canker in Eucalyptus grandis and E. saligna in Surinam caused by Endothia havanensis. Turrialba 20: 94–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Booth, T.H., Jovanovic, T., Old, K.M. and Dudzinski, M.J. Climatic mapping to identify high-risk areas for Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum leaf blight on eucalypts in mainland South East Asia and around the world. Environmental Pollution 107: 1–8.

  • Bruner, S.C. (1917)—Una enfermedad gangrenosa de los Eucaliptos. Estacion Experimental Agronomica, Santiago De Las Vegas, Cuba 37: 1–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • CABI (1998)—Crop Protection Compendium, Module I. 1998 Edition. CAB International, Wallingford. U.K. CD-ROM.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chalermpongse, A (1987)—Current potentiallyd angerous forest tree diseases in Thailand In Forest Pests and Diseases in Southeast Asla (Eds E.D. de Guzman and S.T. Nuhamara), pp 77–90 BIOTROP Special Publication No 26 Bogor

  • Conradie, E., Swart, W.J. and Wingfield, M.J. (1990)— Cryphonectria canker of Eucalyptus, an important disease in plantation forestry in South Africa. South African Forestry Journal 152: 43–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davison, E.M. and Coates, D.J. (1991)—Identification of Cuyphonect1ia cubensis and Endothia gyrosa from eucalypts in Western Australia using isozyme analysis. Australasian Plant Pathology 20: 157–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Guzman, E.D., Militante, E.P. and Lucero, R. (1991) —Forest nursery diseases and insects in the Philippines. In Proceedings of the first meeting of IUFRO Working Party S2.07-09. Diseases and Insects in Forest Nurserres. (Eds J.R. Sutherland and S.G. Glover), pp. 101–104. Victoria, British Columbia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eusebio, M.A., Ilagan, F.P. and Quimio, M.J. (1980)— Infection trend and control of canker of moluccan sau (Albizia falcataria (L.) Beck) in Bislig, Surigao del Sur. Sylvatrop 5: 99–122.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eusebio, M.A., Sinohin, V.O. and Dayan M.P. (1990)— Gall rust disease of Albizia falcataria (L.) Beck. Research Information Series on Ecosystems, Special Issue.

  • FAO (1999)—State of the World’s Forests, 1999. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, I.A.S. (1975)—Diseases of forest trees widely planted as exotics in the tropics and southern hemisphere. Part 1. Important members of the Myrtaceae, Leguminosae, Verbenaceae and Meliaceae. Department of Forestry, Oxford University and Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, I.A.S. (1981a) A canker disease of Eucalyptus new to Africa. Forest Genetic Resources Information 10: 23–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, I.A.S. ( 1981b)—Seedsource establishment and tree improvement—Sabah, Malaysia. Forest Mycology Consultant’s Report No. 3. FAO/UNDP-MAL/78/009. Rome.

  • Gregor, E.W. (1993)—Products and market potential for acacia and other plantation species. In Proceedings of the Seminar on the Potential of Acacia and Other Plantation Species, pp. 44–55. Malaysian Timber Industry Board, Asian Development Bank, Kuala Lampur.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadi, S. and Nuhamara, S.T. (1997)—Diseases of species and provenances of acacias in West and South Kalimantan, Indonesia. In Diseases of Tropical Acaclas (Eds K.M. Old, S.S. Lee and J.K. Sharma), pp. 23–26. Proceedings of an International Symposium, Subanjeriji, South Sumatra CIFOR Special Publication, Bogor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harsh, N.S.K. and Tiwari, C.K. (1996)—Assessment of damage caused by heart rot in teak in Madhya Pradesh. In Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests (Eds K.S.S. Nair, J.K. Sharma and R.V. Varma), pp. 61–65. Proceedings of the IUFRO Symposium. Peechi, India. Kerala Forest Research Institute, FORSPA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodges, C.S. (1980)—The taxonomy of Diaporthe cubensis. Mycologia 67: 542–548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodges, C.S., Geary, T.F. and Cordell, C.E. (1979)—The occurrence of Diaporthe cubensis on Eucalyptus in Florida, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. Plant Disease Reporter 63: 216–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodges, C.S. and Reis, M. (1974)—Identificacao do fungo causador do cancro de Eucalyptus spp, no Brazil. Brasil Florestal 19: 14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ito, S. and Nanis, L. (1994)—Heart rot in Acacia mangium in SAFODA plantations. Report to Sabah Reafforestation Technical Development and Training Project.

  • Ivory, M.H. (1987)—Diseases and Disorders of Pines in the Tropics. Overseas Research Publication No. 31. Oxford Forestry Institute, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivory, M.H. (1988)—Forest Pathology Consultancy Final Report. Silviconsult Ltd./CPU, Federal Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia.

  • Kobayashi, T. and de Guzman, E.D. (1988)—Monograph of tree diseases in the Philippines with taxonomic notes on their associated microorganisms. Bulletin of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute 351: 99–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S.S. (1985)—Tree diseases and wood deterioration problems in Peninsular Malaysia. Occasional Paper No. 5, Serdang: Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia.

  • Lee, S.S. (1998)—Diseases of Acacia spp. in the plantations of PT Finnantara Intiga, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Consultant’s report.

  • Lee, S.S. The current status of root diseases of Acacia mangium Willd. In Ganoderma Diseases of Perennial Crops (Eds J. Flood, P. Bridge and M. Holderness). CAB International (In press).

  • Lee, S.S. and Arentz, F. (1997)—A possible link between rainfall and heart rot in Acacia mangium? Journal of Tropical Forest Sciences 9: 441–448.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S.S. and Maziah, Z. (1993)—Fungi associated with heart rot of Acacia mangium Willd. in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 5: 479–484.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S.S. and Noraini Shikin, Y. (1999)—Fungi associated with heart rot of Acacia mangium trees in Peninsular Malaysia and East Kalimantan. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 11: 240–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S.S., Teng, S.Y., Lim, M.T. and Razali Abdul Kader. (1988)—Discoloration and heart rot of Acacia mangium Willd.—some preliminary results. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 1: 170–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S.S., Zakaria Ibrahim, Hashim Mohd, Noor and Wan Razali Wan Mohd. (1996)—Impact of heart rot in Acacia mangium Willd. plantations in Peninsular Malaysia. In Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests (Eds K.S.S. Nair, J.K. Sharma and R.V. Varma), pp. 1–10. Proceedings of the IUFRO Symposium, 23–26 November 1993, Peechi, India. Kerala Forest Research Institute, FORSPA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahmud, S., Lee, S.S. and Ahmad Hj. Harun. (1993)— A survey of heart rot in some plantations of Acacia mangium Willd. in Sabah. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 6: 37–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maziah, Z. and Lee, S.S. (1999)—Diseases and disorders of teak (Tectona grandis) in Peninsular Malaysia. In Tropical Plant Protection in the Information Age, pp. 158–163. Proceedings Fifth International Conference. Malaysian Plant Protection Society, 15–18 March 1999, Kuala Lumpur.

  • Mehrotra, M.D., Pandey, P.C., Chakrabarti, K., Sharma, S. and Hazra, K. (1996)—Root and heart rots in Acacia mangium plantations in India. Indian Forester 122: 155–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Midgley, S.J. and Sylvester, R. (1997)—Casuarina equisetfolia L. In Plant Resources ofSouth-East Asia No. 11. Auxiliary plants (Eds Faridah Hanum and L.J.G. van der Maesen), pp. 86–89. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, the Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Old, K.M. (1998)—Diseases of tropical acacias. In Recent Developments in Acacia Planting (Eds J.W. Turnbull, H.R. Crompton and K. Pinyopusarerk), pp. 224–233. Proceedings of an international workshop, Hanoi, Vietnam. ACIAR, Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Old, K.M., Hood, LA. and Yuan, Z. (1997a)—Diseases of tropical acacias in Northern Queensland. In Diseases of Tropical Acacias (Eds K.M. Old, S.S. Lee and J.K. Sharma), pp. 1–22. Proceedings of an International Symposium held at Subanjeriji, South Sumatra, 28 April – 3 May 1996. CIFOR Special Publication.

  • Old, K.M. and Ivory, M.H. (1999)—Pathogen threats to short rotation forest plantations in South East Asia and options for management. In Tropical Plant Protection in the Information Age, pp. 153–157. Proceedings Fifth International Conference. Malaysian Plant Protection Society, 1999. Kuala Lumpur.

  • Old, K.M., Lee, S.S. and Sharma, J.K. (Eds) (1997b)— Diseases of Tropical Acacias. Proceedings of an International Symposium held at Subanjeriji, South Sumatra. CIFOR Special Publication.

  • Pinyopusarerk, K. (1997)—Casuarina junghuhniana Miquel. In Plant Resources ofSouth-East Asia No. 11. Auxiliary Plants (Eds Faridah Hanum and L.J.G. van der Maesen), pp. 89–92. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, the Netherlands.

  • Pongpanich, K., Luangviriyasaeng, V. and Dudzinski, M.J. (1996)—Recent Casuarina research and development. In Proceedings of 3rd International Casuarina Workshop, pp. 86–92. 4–7 March 1996, Da Nang, Vietnam.

  • Rojo, J.P. (1997)—Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen. In Plant Resources ofSouth-East Asia No. 11. Auxiliary Plants (Eds Faridah Hanum and L.J.G. van der Maesen), pp. 203–207. Backhuys Publishers. Leiden, the Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Semangun, H. (1992)—Host Index of Plant Diseases in Indonesia. Gadjah Mada University Press.

  • Seth, S.K., Bakshi, B.K., Reddy, M.A.R. and Sujan Singh. (1978)—Pink disease of eucalyptus in India. European Journal of Forest Pathology 8: 200–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, J.K. (1994)—Pathological investigations in forest nurseries and plantations in Vietnam. FAO Consultancy report UNDP/FAO Project VIE/92/022, Hanoi, Vietnam.

  • Sharma, J.K., Mohanan, C. and Maria Florence, E.J. (1985a)—Occurrence of Cryphonectria canker disease of Eucalyptus in Kerala, India. Annals of Applied Biology 106: 265–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, J.K., Mohanan, C. and Maria Florence, E.J. (1985b)—Disease survey in nurseries and plantations of forest tree species grown in Kerala. Research Report 36. Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala, India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, D.E. (1984)—Microorganisms in Papzla New Guinea. Research Bulletin No. 3, Department of Primary Industry, Port Moresby.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wingfield, M.J., Swart, W.J. and Abear, B. (1989)—First record of Cryphonectria canker of Eucalyptus in South Africa. Phytophylactica 21: 311–313.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, 52109, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Lee Su-See

Authors
  1. Lee Su-See
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lee Su-See.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Su-See, L. Forest health in plantation forests in south-east asia. Australasian Plant Pathology 28, 283–291 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1071/AP99045

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/AP99045

Additional keywords

Search

Navigation