Abstract
Three field trials were conducted during 2007 and 2008 to evaluate a range of new fungicide products for control of rust, brown rot, shot hole and scab in almonds in South Australia. Azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin + boscalid, pyraclostrobin + metiram and chlorothalonil controlled rust, whereas propiconazole was less effective with limited residual activity. Under heavy disease pressure boscalid, azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin + metiram controlled brown rot, whereas captan was significantly less effective and the efficacy of propiconazole was inconsistent between sites. Shot hole was controlled most effectively with azoxystrobin, captan, pyraclostrobin + boscalid and pyraclostrobin + metiram, with propiconazole being less effective. All of the fungicides evaluated significantly reduced scab infections, with limited difference between the fungicides and formulations. Future fungicide work in almonds should focus on new product evaluation as well as refining use rates and timing to optimise disease control.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adaskaveg J, Gubler D, Michailides T, Holtz B (2008) Efficacy and timing of fungicides, bactericides, and biologicals for deciduous tree fruit, nut, strawberry, and vine crops. Fungicide, Bactericide, and Biological Tables for Fruit, Nut, Strawberry, and Vine Crops 2008, 16–17.
Almond Board of Australia (2008) ‘Australian almond statistics.’ (Almond Board of Australia: Berri, SA)
Baker B, Gathercole F (1984) Commercial almond growing. Bulletin 9/77. Department of Agriculture, South Australia. Adelaide.
Bartett DW, Clough JM, Godfrey CRA, Godwin JR, Hall AA, Heaney SP, Maund SJ (2001) Understanding the strobilurin fungicides. Pesticide Outlook 12, 143–148. doi: 10.1039/b106300f
Brannen PM, Hotchkiss M, Reilly C (2008) Efficacy of metconazole for control of Monilinia fructicola and Tranzschelia discolor on peach in middle Georgia, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports 3, STF018.
Elmer PA, Gaunt RE (1994) The biological characteristics of dicarboximide-resistant isolates of Monilinia fructicola from New Zealand stone-fruit orchards. Plant Pathology 43, 130–137. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994. tb00562.x
Highberg LM, Ogawa JM (1986) Yield reductions in almonds related to incidence of shot hole disease. Plant Disease 70, 825–828. doi: 10.1094/ PD-70-825
Holtz BA, Hoffman EW (2004) Evaluation of fungicides for control of brown rot on almond, 2004. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 60, STF007.
Holtz BA, Hoffman EW (2005) Evaluation of fungicides for control of almond scab, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 61, STF014.
Holtz BA, Martin-Duvall TM (2006a) Evaluation of fungicides for the control of brown rot on almond, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports 1, STF005.
Holtz BA, Martin-Duvall TM (2006b) Evaluation of fungicides for control of shot hole on almond, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports 1, STF006.
Kable PF, Bambach RW, Ellison PJ, Watson A, Kaldor CJ (1987a) Fungicidal control of rust of French prune caused by Tranzschelia discolor. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, 565–576. doi: 10.1071/AR9870565
Kable PF, Keen BJ, Bambach RW (1987b) Evaluation of fungicides for curative activity against Tranzschelia discolor, cause of the rust disease of French prune (Prunus domestica L.). Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, 577–586. doi: 10.1071/AR9870577
Kable PF, Milligan MJ, Wilson P, Slack JM, Ellison PJ, Watson A, Hannah RS (1991) A computer-based system for the management of the rust disease of French prunes. Bulletin OEPP. EPPO Bulletin. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation 21, 573–580. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2338.1991.tb01290.x
McMichael P, Pumpa L (2006) ‘Almond industry pest and disease control guide 2006.’ (Almond Board of Australia: Berri, SA)
Moss DE (1961) Shot hole reduces almond returns. Leaflet No. 3633. Department of Agriculture, South Australia. Adelaide.
Moss DE, Cowley R (1970) Commercial almond growing. Extension Bulletin No. 16.70, Department of Agriculture, South Australia. Adelaide.
Ogawa JM, English H (1991) Diseases of temperate zone tree fruit and nut crops. Publication 3345. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Oakland.
Soto-Estrada A, Forster H, Hasey J, Adaskaveg JE (2003) New fungicides and application strategies based on inoculums and precipitation for managing stone fruit rust on peach in California. Plant Disease 87, 1094–1101. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.9.1094
TaeHeon L, JaeChoon Y, TaeHyun C, ByeongJin C (2001) Fitness of dicarboximide-resistant and sensitive Monilinia fructicola isolated from peach in Korea. Plant Pathology Journal 17, 205–209.
Teviotdale BL, Viveros M, Freeman MV (1989) Effect of fungicides on shot hole disease of almonds. California Agriculture 43(3), 21–23. doi: 10.3733/ca.v043n03p21
Teviotdale BL, Michailides TJ, Pscheidt JW (2002) ‘Compendium of nut crop diseases in temperate zones.’ (American Phytopathological Society: St Paul, MN)
Weaver LO (1943) Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the occurrence of blossom blight of stone fruit. Phytopathology 33, 15.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Horsfield, A., Wicks, T. & Wilson, D. Field evaluation of fungicides for the control of rust, brown rot,. Australasian Plant Pathol. 39, 112–119 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1071/AP09052
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/AP09052