Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
Original articleNormal values for Doppler echocardiographic assessment of heart valve prostheses
Section snippets
Methods
A world literature search for normal Doppler echocardiographic values for prosthetic heart valves was performed using the MEDLINE database. All studies that reported Doppler measurements for normal prosthetic heart valves specifying valve type and size were included.
The so-obtained echocardiographic data were classified according to valve position, type, and size. For valves in the aortic position the following parameters were considered when available: peak gradient; mean gradient; peak
Results
A total of 88 articles providing information for normal values of valve prosthesis were included.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88 Data were available for 7092 valves in the aortic position
Discussion
This study provides a comprehensive, updated overview on normal values for Doppler gradients, pressure half-time, and effective orifice areas for prosthetic valves on the basis of currently available literature. The last such overview was published in the late 1980s and does not account for the different, new valve models that are currently used.89 These data should be very helpful for physicians treating patients who have undergone valve replacement. Because normal values differ markedly
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