General Obstetrics and Gynecology Obstetrics
Antibiotic treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: A meta-analysis

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Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy to reduce preterm delivery. Study Design: We performed a meta-analysis of published, English-language, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials of antibiotic treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women with intact amniotic membranes at <37 weeks of gestation. Primary outcomes included preterm delivery, perinatal or neonatal death, and neonatal morbidity. Results: Ten studies with results for 3969 patients were included. In patients without preterm labor, antibiotic treatment did not significantly decrease preterm delivery at <37 weeks of gestation, in all patients combined (odds ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.57-1.21) nor in high-risk patients with a previous preterm delivery (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.22-1.12). In both groups, significant statistical heterogeneity was observed. A significant reduction in preterm delivery and no statistical heterogeneity were observed in 338 high-risk patients who received oral regimens with treatment durations of ≥7 days (odds ratio, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.27-0.67). Nonsignificant effects and no statistical heterogeneity were observed in low-risk patients (odds ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.71-1.25) and with vaginal regimens (odds ratio, 1.25; 95% CI: 0.86-1.81). In one study antibiotic treatment in patients with preterm labor led to a nonsignificant decrease in the rate of preterm deliveries (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.03-3.24). Conclusion: The screening of pregnant women who have bacterial vaginosis and who have had a previous preterm delivery and treatment with an oral regimen of longer duration can be justified on the basis of current evidence. More studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this strategy, both in high-risk patients without preterm labor and in patients with preterm labor. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:752-8.)

Section snippets

Material and methods

In June 2001, we searched MEDLINE from 1966, EMBASE from 1988, and SCIENCE CITATION INDEX EXPANDED from 1997 to identify all literature that was included under (vaginitis or vaginosis or vagina* infection or vagina* inflammation) and (pregnan* or gravid* or birth? or labor?r?) and (antibiotic* or antimicrob*). The following criteria were used to select studies for inclusion: article (original published English-language report), study design (randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial),

Results

Ten studies were included in this meta-analysis.6, 7, 8, 10, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 Study populations of two studies overlapped, so results were available for 3969 individual patients.17, 18 Because the study of Kurkinen-Räty et al18 was the report of one study center that was included in a larger multicenter study reported by Kekki et al,17 we generally extracted information from the larger multicenter study only. Any information that was not available in the multicenter, but only in the

Comment

The results of this meta-analysis show that strategies of screening and treating pregnant women for BV remain controversial. Such a strategy was suggested generally for high-risk patients with a previous preterm delivery. However, there is now a large degree of heterogeneity among the studies that include high-risk patients and thus a large degree of uncertainty about the true effect that the antibiotic treatment of BV would have in this patient population.

The situation is much clearer for

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    Reprint requests: Harald Leitich, MD, PhD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. E-mail: [email protected]

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