Elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric characterization of single domain PIN-PMN-PT: Mn crystals

Mn modified 0.26Pb(In_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃−0.42Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃−0.32PbTiO₃ (PIN-PMN-PT:Mn) single crystals with orthorhombic perovskite crystal structure were polarized along [011] direction, resulting in the single domain state “1O.” The complete set of material constants was determined using the combined resonance and ultrasonic methods. The thickness shear piezoelectric coefficient d₁₅ and electromechanical coupling factor k₁₅ were found to be on the order of 3100 pC/N and 94%, respectively, much higher than longitudinal d₃₃ ∼ 270 pC/N and k₃₃ ∼ 70%. Using the single domain data, the rotated value of d₃₃* along [001] direction was found to be 1230 pC/N, in agreement with the experimentally determined d₃₃ value of 1370 pC/N, conferring extrinsic contributions being about 10%, which was also confirmed using the Rayleigh analysis. In addition, the mechanical quality factors Q_m were evaluated for different “1O” vibration modes, where the longitudinal Q_m was found to be ∼1200, much higher than the value for “4O” crystals, ∼300.