Optical retardation measurements were performed on rubbed polyimide-coated substrates used for liquid-crystal cells. Based on measurements with and without a refractive index matching fluid, the retardation component due to the rub-induced scratches was extracted, and found to dominate the total retardation at higher rubbing strengths. Additionally, atomic force microscope measurements were performed to examine the rub-induced surface topography. The retardation calculated from the topography measurements was found to be in agreement with the optical results.
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