The Dialectic of Borders and Networks in Europe: Reviewing ‘Topological Presuppositions’

Abstract

This article explores the spatial dimension of polity making in Europe by reference to seemingly contradictory topologies of European space and how they produce a complex dialectic of Europe-making practices. These practices are conveniently summarized as the tension between borders and networks. More generally, the aim will be to contribute to an understanding of the ways in which different spatial contexts impact on social life and vice versa. It will show that no constructed spatiality should be read as monolithic or exclusive. Rather, their dialectic shows the ways in which domains of collective existence influence and constitute each other. First, the topologies of borders and networks are examined in order to locate the discussion conceptually. Thereafter, orders, borders and networks are shown to exhibit a mutually constitutive dynamic. Some networks are embedded in territories while others transcend them. At the same time, it will be shown that territories are embedded in networks. The article distinguishes between types of network relationships to exemplify a range of Europe-making practices more-or-less tied to territoriality. A variety of illustrative material is used, including civic networking, cross-border governance in Europe, the European Neighbourhood Policy and the cartographies of trans-national activism. The article concludes by reiterating the case for the spatial turn in understanding integrative tendencies in Europe and offers some brief reflections on a research agenda.