Abstract
From late 2010, the international community had witnessed a hitherto unseen spread of public unrest in several states in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).1 The course of events seemed to defy the established image of unshakeable authoritarianism attributed to the region. Because of the widespread civil uprisings, several dictators of Arab states had been forced from power and an unclear political situation prevailed, followed by instability and uncertainty. The so-called Arab Spring2 did not end with breaking authoritarian resilience. For example, shortly after the Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali had left office and sought refuge in Saudi Arabia, several thousand Tunisians started to migrate to the Italian island Lampedusa, to escape turmoil in their country.
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Seeberg, P., Eyadat, Z. (2013). Introduction: Migration, Security, and Citizenship in a Changing Middle East. In: Seeberg, P., Eyadat, Z. (eds) Migration, Security, and Citizenship in the Middle East. The Modern Muslim World. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137345417_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137345417_1
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