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Semin Neurol 2007; 27(2): 183-194
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-971171
Copyright © 2007 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Botulinum Toxin in Movement Disorders

Spiridon Papapetropoulos1 , Carlos Singer1
  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Publication History

Publication Date:
27 March 2007 (online)

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ABSTRACT

Botulinum toxin inhibits the vesicular release of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction, resulting in a transient, localized paralysis when small doses are injected. The successful use of serotypes A and B in conditions with muscle overactivity such as dystonia and spasticity has been well established. Apart from approved indications, treatment with botulinum toxin injections is attempted in a variety of new areas of neurology, including tremor, tics, and myoclonus. This article provides an update on the uses of botulinum toxin in the field of movement disorders and draws special attention to theoretical and practical treatment issues of primary and secondary dystonic disorders. Long-term experience with this agent suggests that it is an effective and safe treatment not only for approved indications but also for the increasing number of off-label indications. However, controlled studies for many conditions are lacking, and more clinical trials in many different areas are warranted.

KEYWORDS

Botulinum toxin - movement disorders - dystonia

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Spiridon PapapetropoulosM.D. Ph.D. 

Assistant Professor of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, University of Miami, School of Medicine

1501 NW 9th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136

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