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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Sleep Sci 2023; 16(01): 014-028
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767751
Original Article

Beliefs about Healthy Sleep Habits in Adults with Diabetes Compared to Adults without Diabetes: A Reasoned Action Approach Elicitation Study

Lydi-Anne Vézina-Im 
1   Université Laval, École de Nutrition, Québec, Québec, Canada
2   Université Laval, Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut Sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, Québec, Canada
3   Université Laval, École de Psychologie, Québec, Québec, Canada
4   Université Laval, Centre d'Étude des Troubles du Sommeil, Québec, Québec, Canada
,
Charles M. Morin 
3   Université Laval, École de Psychologie, Québec, Québec, Canada
4   Université Laval, Centre d'Étude des Troubles du Sommeil, Québec, Québec, Canada
,
Annie Lapointe 
2   Université Laval, Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut Sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, Québec, Canada
,
Sophie Desroches 
1   Université Laval, École de Nutrition, Québec, Québec, Canada
2   Université Laval, Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut Sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, Québec, Canada
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Abstract

Objective Sleep is part of a healthy lifestyle and in adults with diabetes, inadequate sleep is associated with risks of developing complications. The objective was to compare beliefs about healthy sleep habits (HSHs) in adults with versus without diabetes based on the Reasoned Action Approach.

Methods A total of 56 adults with and 98 without diabetes answered open-ended questions regarding their beliefs about: avoiding screen use in bed; having a regular sleep schedule; or avoiding caffeine, alcohol, and cigarettes before bedtime. A qualitative content analysis was used to identify the most important beliefs, similarities, and differences between both groups.

Results Both groups reported that adopting HSHs could improve sleep. Having a regular sleep schedule was perceived to facilitate diabetes management in adults with diabetes. Negative consequences specific to adopting each HSH were identified in both groups. Adopting HSHs was associated with mainly negative emotions (e.g., stress, anxiety, fear) in both groups. Avoiding screen use in bed was associated with anxiety of not knowing blood glucose levels at night in adults with diabetes. Partners, parents, and friends were considered the most important individuals who would approve of adopting HSHs, but they were often perceived as unlikely to adopt HSHs themselves in both groups. Adults with diabetes perceived more barriers to adopting HSHs. Facilitating factors for both groups included removing triggers of unhealthy sleep habits, behavior substitution, using reminders, time management, and social support.

Discussion These beliefs can guide the development of behavioral sleep interventions, including interventions specifically for adults with diabetes.

Keywords

beliefs - sleep - adults - diabetes - reasoned action approach


Publication History

Received: 13 October 2021

Accepted: 25 May 2022

Article published online:
19 April 2023

© 2023. Brazilian Sleep Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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