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CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2023; 17(03): 784-789
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755553
Original Article

Oral Manifestations: A Reliable Indicator for Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Maliha Shahbaz 
1   Department of Oral Biology, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
,
Farhat Kazmi 
2   Department of Oral Pathology, Rashid Latif Dental College/Rashid Latif Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
,
Hanna Abdul Majeed 
3   Department of Operative Dentistry, Rashid Latif Dental College/Rashid Latif Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
,
Saadia Manzar 
4   Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Rashid Latif Dental College/Rashid Latif Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
,
Faiza Awais Qureshi 
5   Department of Community Dentistry, Rashid Latif Dental College/Rashid Latif Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
,
Shahrayne Rashid 
2   Department of Oral Pathology, Rashid Latif Dental College/Rashid Latif Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
› Author Affiliations Funding None.
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Abstract

Objectives This article identifies undiagnosed DM (UDM) cases in the Pakistani population by perceiving the signs and symptoms of DM and associating them with oral manifestations.

Material and Methods In this cross-sectional study, patients showing at least three or more classical or warning signs like polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and general weakness were considered UDM cases. Detailed oral examination for gingivitis, periodontitis, halitosis, xerostomia, and tongue manifestations was done followed by the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) analysis.

Results Out of 5,878 patients, 214 UDM cases were identified, where 31.8% and 39.7% of the patients were diagnosed as prediabetics and diabetics, respectively, based on HbA1c analysis. Prevalence of gingivitis (97.6%), fissured tongue (91.8%), generalized periodontitis (85.9%), thick saliva (87.1%), xerostomia (84.7%), burning mouth syndrome (63.5%), yellow discoloration of tongue (57.6%), and ecchymosis/ulcers (43.5%) were more in diabetics as compared to prediabetic patients and normal population.

Conclusion The oral manifestations can be crucial for identifying UDM cases. Dentists can play a pivotal role by taking detailed history and thorough oral examination. If three or more symptoms as concluded above are present, an HbA1c analysis should be conducted to prevent preop and postop complications associated with DM.

Keywords

diabetes - prediabetes - HbA1c - fissured tongue - tongue manifestations


Publication History

Article published online:
11 October 2022

© 2022. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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