Mikro-RNA: Rolle bei der Immunregulation nach allogener hämatopoetischer Stammzelltransplantation

 

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Zusammenfassung

Immunregulation nach allogener hämatopoetischer Stammzelltransplantation (allo-HSZT) beschreibt das empfindliche Gleichgewicht zwischen dem erwünschten Transplantat-gegen-Leukämie Effekt (GvL) und der Vermeidung der unerwünschten Transplantat-gegen-Wirt-Reaktion (GvHD). Bei verschiedenen entzündlichen und malignen Erkrankungen wurde bereits über eine Rolle von Mikro-RNA (miRNA) berichtet. Insbesondere bei Autoimmunerkrankungen, Allergien und GvHD findet man häufig eine dysregulierte Expression verschiedener miRNA. Der Artikel soll eine Übersicht über aktuelle Erkenntnisse zur Rolle von miRNA bei der Immunregulation nach allo-HSZT darstellen und einen Ausblick auf neue potenzielle diagnostische und therapeutische Möglichkeiten wie beispielsweise die Nutzung von miRNA im Serum als Biomarker oder die Modifikation einer Immunantwort durch miRNA Mimetics geben.

Abstract

Immunoregulation following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) involves the delicate balance between the desirable graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect and the prevention of the undesirable graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in the pathogenesis of different inflammatory and malignant diseases. Especially in autoimmune diseases, allergy and GvHD numerous dysregulated miRNAs have been identified. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge about the role of miRNAs in the immunoregulation after allo-HSCT. Moreover, we give an outlook on potential new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, including the use of miRNAs as clinical biomarkers and the manipulation of immune responses using miRNA mimetics.

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