‘Precision’ or ‘personalized’ psychiatry: different terms – same content?

 

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Abstract

Due to the increased lifetime prevalence and personal, social, and economic burden of mental disorders, psychiatry is in need of a significant change in several aspects of its clinical and research approaches. Over the last few decades, the development of personalized / precision medicine in psychiatry focusing on tailored therapies that fit each patient’s unique individual, physiological, and genetic profile has not achieved the same results as those obtained in other branches, such as oncology. The long-awaited revolution has not yet surfaced. There are various explanations for this including imprecise diagnostic criteria, incomplete understanding of the molecular pathology involved, absence of available clinical tools and, finally, the characteristics of the patient. Since then, the co-existence of the two terms has sparked a great deal of discussion around the definition and differentiation between the two types of psychiatry, as they often seem similar or even superimposable. Generally, the two terminologies are used indiscriminately, alternatively, and / or separately, within the same scientific works. In this paper, an overview is provided on the overlap between the application and meaning of the terms ‘precision psychiatry’ and ‘personalized psychiatry’.

Zusammenfassung

Aufgrund der zunehmenden Lebenszeitprävalenz sowie der persönlichen, sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Belastung durch psychische Störungen muss die Psychiatrie hinsichtlich mehrerer Aspekte ihrer klinischen Ansätze und Forschungsansätze erheblich verändert werden. In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat die Entwicklung der personalisierten Medizin / Präzisionsmedizin in der Psychiatrie, die sich darauf konzentriert, Therapien auf das einzigartige physiologische und genetische Profil jedes Patienten auszurichten, nicht die gleichen Ergebnisse erzielt wie in anderen Bereichen - z. B. der Onkologie. Die lange erwartete Revolution ist bisher nicht eingetroffen. Hierfür gibt es verschiedene Erklärungen, darunter unpräzise diagnostische Kriterien, ein unvollständiges Verständnis der beteiligten molekularen Pathologie, das Fehlen verfügbarer klinischer Hilfsmittel und schließlich die individuellen Charakteristika des Patienten. Seither hat die Koexistenz der beiden Begriffe eine rege Diskussion über die Definition und Unterscheidung zwischen den beiden Arten der Psychiatrie ausgelöst, da sie oft ähnlich oder sogar gleichbedeutend erscheinen. Im Allgemeinen werden die beiden Terminologien innerhalb derselben wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten unterschiedslos, alternativ und / oder getrennt verwendet. Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die Überschneidung in der Anwendung und Bedeutung der Begriffe ‚Präzisionspsychiatrie’ und ‚personalisierte Psychiatrie’.

Publication History

Received: 29 April 2020

Accepted: 28 June 2020

Article published online:
24 August 2020

© 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

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