Regular ArticleGenomics of Mycobacterium bovis
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Immune responses to latent tuberculosis antigen Rv2659c in Chinese populations
2015, Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and InfectionCitation Excerpt :In order to gain better insight into TB latency and to identify specific antigens to differentiate LTBI from active TB, we focus here on latency antigen Rv2659c (probable PhiRv2 prophage integrase) encoded within the RD11 region of M. tuberculosis. It is encoded by one of the M. tuberculosis starvation-related genes present in a “starvation stimulon” that is induced by hypoxia and upregulated after starvation in nutrient deficient medium and is absent from all M. bovis strains including BCG.17–21 China is a country with a high TB incidence and high TB infection rate, and it is estimated that 76% of infants have received BCG vaccination at birth.2
Overview and phylogeny of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms: Implications for diagnostics and legislation of bovine tuberculosis
2014, Research in Veterinary ScienceCitation Excerpt :Sequence analysis of the RD deletions confirmed that they represent a single event in the phylogenetic history of the MTBC and are identical by descent. Gordon and colleagues (1999, 2001) used comparative genome analysis to show that it was unlikely that M. tuberculosis evolved from M. bovis, because the open reading frame (ORF) structures at junction points are truncated in M. bovis which is compelling evidence that RDs are deletions from the M. bovis genome rather than insertions into the M. tuberculosis genome. Although there are several examples of the same region being deleted independently in different lineages of the MTBC, these homoplasious deletions do not share identical end points and therefore are not phylogenetically informative (Brosch et al., 2002).
The PE and PPE proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
2011, TuberculosisCitation Excerpt :In this perspective, PE and PPE gene family members that represent ten percent of the coding capacity of M. tuberculosis genome assume critical importance in terms of their significance in overall pathogenesis associated with the tuberculosis disease.32,37 The PE family with ∼100 genes and the PPE family with ∼70 genes are exemplified by the presence of Pro-Glu (PE) and Pro-Pro-Glu (PPE) motifs near the N-terminus of their gene products.24,38 Though the PE family of proteins exhibit conserved PE and PPE motifs, the PE/PPE proteins could present themselves as the major source of antigenic variation by means of inter-strain polymorphism.17,20,48,92–94
European 1: A globally important clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis
2011, Infection, Genetics and EvolutionCitation Excerpt :We have identified a globally important clonal complex of M. bovis by a deletion analysis of 1014 strains from over 30 countries and have named this clonal complex European 1 (Eu1). Members of this clonal complex are defined by a previously identified 806 bp deletion (RD17) of chromosomal DNA which we have named Region of Difference Eu1 (RDEu1) (Gordon et al., 2001). Sequencing across the RDEu1 deletion boundaries in many isolates has shown that the deletion boundaries are identical and, in the absence of repetitive elements flanking RDEu1 or other features promoting deletions, and the apparent strict clonality of M. bovis (Smith et al., 2006a), we conclude that this deletion is identical by descent in these strains throughout the world.
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Correspondence to: Dr Stephen V. Gordon, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK. Tel.: +44(0) 1932 357860; Fax: +44(0) 1932 357684; E-mail: [email protected]