Low albumin gradient ascites complicating severe pseudomembranous colitis
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Clostridium difficile infection in HIV-seropositive individuals and transplant recipients
2012, Journal of InfectionCitation Excerpt :Three studies have measured CDI severity in HIV, albeit without recently standardised definitions12; two found no difference92,101 whilst a third found increased stool frequency, abdominal pain and metabolic derangements compared with HIV-seronegative cases.91 Other features of severe CDI in HIV include high fever, hypotension and evidence of renal impairment,100 ascites,102 toxic megacolon103 and severely elevated alkaline phosphatase.104 One study involving HIV patients with advanced immunosuppression found a quarter had features of a protein losing enteropathy.82
Treatment of Clostridium difficile infections: Old and new approaches
2011, Journal des Anti-InfectieuxA case of pseudomembranous colitis presenting with massive ascites
2007, European Journal of Internal MedicineCitation Excerpt :The differential diagnosis of low-SAAG ascites includes malignant conditions, chronic granulomatous or infectious peritonitis, serositis accompanying connective tissue disease, pancreatic, biliary, or nephrogenic ascites, and hypoalbuminemia. Three possible mechanisms have been proposed for the pathogenesis of ascites formation in PMC [4]: hypoalbuminemia, transmural colonic inflammation with microperforation and infectious peritonitis, and toxin-mediated generation of cytokines that enhance vascular permeability. In our patient, the absence of evidence suggesting malignant, inflammatory, or infectious peritoneal disease makes hypoalbuminemia the most plausible explanation for the formation of gross ascites.
Risk factors for Clostridium difficile toxin-positive nosocomial diarrhoea
2006, International Journal of Antimicrobial AgentsClostridium difficile infection in patients with HIV/AIDS
2013, Current HIV/AIDS Reports