Abstract
We present the results of a combined analysis of 248 morphological characters and sequences from 3 genes for 29 species of Xeromelissinae and 7 outgroup taxa including representatives of the colletid subfamilies Colletinae, Euryglossinae, Hylaeinae, Paracolletinae, and Scrapterinae. The paracolletine genus Trichocolletes was used to root the tree. The results agree with most of those obtained in an earlier, entirely morphological analysis. Noteworthy are (1) the paraphyly of Chilimelissa in relation to Xeromelissa, and (2) the lack of sister group relationship between Hylaeinae and Xeromelissinae. Other than minor rearrangements resulting from swapping adjacent nodes, the only major difference is the placement of one species of Chilicola, C. aenigma, which no longer groups within C. (Chilioediscelis), but instead appears to be closer to Xenochilicola. The influence upon phylogenetic results caused by highly morphologically autapomorphic taxa is discussed.
Zusammenfassung
Die Xeromelissinae bilden eine Subfamilie der Colletidae. Sie umfasst etwa 200 Art mittelgrosser Bienen, die in ihrer Verbreitung alle auf die Neue Welt bechränkt sind. Wie der Namen bereits besagt, handelt es sich hierbei um Bienen, die im allgemeinen in Trockenhabitaten vorkommen, vor allem im südlichen Südamerika. Xeromelissinen sind typischerweise klein bis sehr klein und im allgemeinen von schlanker Gestalt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit präsentieren wir die Ergebnisse einer kombinierten Analyse von 248 morphologischen Merkmalen und den Sequenzen von drei Genen. Die Analyse umfasst 29 Arten, die alle Genera der Xeromelissinae repräsentieren, sowie 7 Taxa mit Vertretern der Colletiden-Subfamilien Colletinae, Euryglossinae, Hylaeinae, Paracolletinae und Scrapterinae als Aussengruppen. Der molekulare Datensatz bestand aus den Sequenzen von zwei Kerngenen (Elongationsfaktor 1 alpha (F2-Kopie) und 28S rRNA) und einem mitochondrialen Gen (Cytochromoxidase 1). Die Wurzel des Stammbaums wurde mithilfe der Merkmale des Genus Trichocolletes (Paracolletinae) definiert. Die Ergebnisse stimmen in den meisten Punkten mit den Befunden einer früheren Analyse überein. Bemerkenswert sind (1) die Paraphylie von Chilimelissa in Bezug zu Xeromelissa und (2) das Fehlen einer Schwestergruppenbeziehung zwischen Hylaeinae und Xeromelissinae. Ausser kleineren Veränderungen in der Stammbaumtopologie, die aus der Verschiebung benachbarter Knotenpunkte herrühten, lag der einzige grössere Unterschied in der Positionierung einer Art des Genus Chilicola, C. aenigma. Diese gruppierte nicht mehr innerhalb von C. (Chilioediscelis), sondern erschien enger verwandt mit Xenochilicola. Neben diesen Ergebnissen diskutieren wir den Einfluss von morphologisch stark autapomorphen Taxa mit wenigen gemeinsamen Merkmalen auf die phylogenetischen Beziehungen mit anderweitig weniger aussergewöhnlichen Arten.
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Almeida, E.A.B., Packer, L. & Danforth, B.N. Phylogeny of the Xeromelissinae (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) Based upon Morphology and Molecules. Apidologie 39, 75–85 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2007063
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2007063