Issue 11, 2022

Erythrocyte membrane-enveloped molybdenum disulfide nanodots for biofilm elimination on implants via toxin neutralization and immune modulation

Abstract

Implant-related infections (IRIs) caused by bacterial biofilms remain a prevalent but tricky clinical issue, and are characterized by drug resistance, toxin impairment and immunosuppression. Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and hyperthermia-based antimicrobial therapies have been developed to effectively destroy biofilms. However, almost all of them have failed to simultaneously focus on the immunosuppressive biofilm microenvironment and bacterial toxin-induced tissue damage. Herein, we proposed a one-arrow-three-hawks strategy to orchestrate hyperthermia/ROS antibiofilm therapy, toxin neutralization and immunomodulatory therapy through engineering a bioinspired erythrocyte membrane-enveloped molybdenum disulfide nanodot (EM@MoS2) nanoplatform. In the biofilm microenvironment, pore-forming toxins actively attack the erythrocyte membranes on the nanodots and are detained, thus staying away from their targets and mitigating tissue damage. Under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, MoS2 nanodots, with superb photothermal and peroxidase (POD)-like properties, exert a powerful synergistic antibiofilm effect. More intriguingly, we initially identified that they possessed the ability to reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment by skewing the macrophages from an anti-inflammatory phenotype to a proinflammatory phenotype, which would promote the elimination of biofilm debris and prevent infection relapse. Systematic in vitro and in vivo evaluations have demonstrated that EM@MoS2 achieves a remarkable antibiofilm effect. The current study integrated the functions of hyperthermia/ROS therapy, virulence clearance and immune regulation, which could provide an effective paradigm for IRIs therapy.

Graphical abstract: Erythrocyte membrane-enveloped molybdenum disulfide nanodots for biofilm elimination on implants via toxin neutralization and immune modulation

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
26 Nov 2021
Accepted
07 Feb 2022
First published
08 Feb 2022

J. Mater. Chem. B, 2022,10, 1805-1820

Erythrocyte membrane-enveloped molybdenum disulfide nanodots for biofilm elimination on implants via toxin neutralization and immune modulation

T. Shi, Z. Ruan, X. Wang, X. Lian and Y. Chen, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2022, 10, 1805 DOI: 10.1039/D1TB02615A

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