* Corresponding authors

^a CNR-NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy

^b Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10600 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
E-mail: gxs284@case.edu
Tel: +1 216 368 6918

^c DTU Nanolab – National Center for Micro- and Nanofabrication, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 347, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark

^d DTU Fotonik – Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark

^e Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA

^f Biomedical Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA

^g Department of Orthopedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA

^h Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA