Issue 23, 2016
From the journal:

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

Secondary phases and their influence on the composition of the kesterite phase in CZTS and CZTSe thin films†

Justus Just,*ab   Carolin M. Sutter-Fella,‡c   Dirk Lützenkirchen-Hecht,b   Ronald Frahm,b   Susan Schorra  and  Thomas Unold*a  

* Corresponding authors

a Department Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
E-mail: justus.just@helmholtz-berlin.de, unold@helmholtz-berlin.de

b Fakultät 4 - Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany

c Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 129, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland

Abstract

Secondary phases zinc sulfide/selenide and copper sulfide in Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin film samples are investigated by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis at the chalcogen K-edges. Because of the formation of secondary phases the composition of the kesterite phase can deviate significantly from the total sample composition. For a large set of non-stoichiometric samples we find that the cation ratios of the kesterite phase never exceed Zn/Sn = 1 even for Zn-rich CZTS and CZTSe, with all excess Zn being contained in secondary phases. For CZTS the cation ratios are found to be additionally constrained by Cu/Sn ≤ 2, which means that Cu-excess always leads to the formation of CuxS secondary phases. These results give clear bounds on the Cu-rich and Zn-rich sides of the single phase region in polycrystalline CZTS/Se thin films.

Graphical abstract: Secondary phases and their influence on the composition of the kesterite phase in CZTS and CZTSe thin films

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Article information

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP00178E
Article type
Paper
Submitted
10 Jan 2016
Accepted
10 May 2016
First published
12 May 2016
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016,18, 15988-15994

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Secondary phases and their influence on the composition of the kesterite phase in CZTS and CZTSe thin films

J. Just, C. M. Sutter-Fella, D. Lützenkirchen-Hecht, R. Frahm, S. Schorr and T. Unold, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 15988 DOI: 10.1039/C6CP00178E

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