Issue 15, 2012
From the journal:

Journal of Materials Chemistry

Quantifying apatite formation and cationleaching from mesoporous bioactive glasses in vitro: a SEM, solid-state NMR and powder XRD study†

Philips N. Gunawidjaja,a   Isabel Izquierdo-Barba,bc   Renny Mathew,a   Kjell Jansson,d   Ana García,bc   Jekabs Grins,d   Daniel Arcos,bc   María Vallet-Regíbc  and  Mattias Edén*a  

* Corresponding authors

a Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
E-mail: mattias.eden@mmk.su.se
Fax: +46 8 152187
Tel: +46 8 162375

b Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

c Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain

d Inorganic and Structural Chemistry Division, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

Abstract

By employing solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, we compare the biomimetic growth of calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) from an ordered mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) in simulated body fluid (SBF) and buffered water solutions. For the latter medium, we also examine the effects of using two different MBG concentrations. We evaluate the predicting powers of PXRD and 31P NMR for directly quantifying the relative amounts of biomimetic amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and HA: we observe a very good agreement between the two analytical techniques. Thanks to their mesoporous channel system, fluids readily penetrate throughout sub-mm sized MBG grains, as evidenced by EDX. The latter revealed distinct element-mappings across the material after its exposure to SBF compared to water. Under our in vitro conditions involving relatively high MBG-loadings in the solutions, the HA formation reduces in SBF relative to buffered water, particularly for increasing MBG concentration. These features stem from a high [Ca2+]/[PO3−4] ratio resulting in the fluid medium, which retards the HA crystallization by inducing a rapid ACP precipitation and an accompanying depletion of phosphate ions in the solution. This has bearings on the design of bioactivity comparisons of bioglasses exhibiting significantly different cation compositions.

Graphical abstract: Quantifying apatite formation and cation leaching from mesoporous bioactive glasses in vitro: a SEM, solid-state NMR and powder XRD study

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Article information

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/C2JM15066B
Article type
Paper
Submitted
07 Oct 2011
Accepted
23 Jan 2012
First published
02 Mar 2012
This article is Open Access

J. Mater. Chem., 2012,22, 7214-7223

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Quantifying apatite formation and cation leaching from mesoporous bioactive glasses in vitro: a SEM, solid-state NMR and powder XRD study

P. N. Gunawidjaja, I. Izquierdo-Barba, R. Mathew, K. Jansson, A. García, J. Grins, D. Arcos, M. Vallet-Regí and M. Edén, J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22, 7214 DOI: 10.1039/C2JM15066B

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