Issue 48, 2011

First structural example of a metal uncoordinated mesoionic imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine and its precursor intermediate copper complex: an insight to the catalytic cycle

Abstract

Four copper complexes of a tridentate Schiff base ligand, 2-pyridyl-N-(2′-methylthiophenyl) methyleneimine, L1 have been synthesized. All theses species, namely, [L1Cu2(SCN)3]n (1), [Cu(SCN)(CH3CN)]n (3), [(L1)Cu(N3)(Cl)] (4) and [(L1)Cu(N3)(SCN)] (5) have been structurally characterized. Complex 1 in acetonitrile promotes cycloaddition of a Cu(II) bound SCN ion to L1 that exclusively and stoichiometrically forms a mesoionic imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine, namely, 3-(imino-N′-2-methylthiophenyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridinium-1-thiolate (2) and a thiocyanato bridged Cu(I) complex, [Cu(SCN)(CH3CN)]n (3). The X-ray crystal structure of 1 confirms the presence of square-pyramidal Cu(II) and tetrahedral Cu(I) ions in N3S2 and N2S2 coordination environments, respectively, bridged to each other viathiocyanate anion. The Cu(II) ions are bonded to a tridentate ligand L1 and two SCN ions occupy the remaining equatorial and an axial coordination site to adopt a square-pyramidal coordination geometry. To investigate which SCN ion, axially or equatorially bound to Cu(II) center, underwent cycloaddition to L1 to form 2, two mononuclear Cu(II) complexes 4 and 5 have been synthesized and their reactivity towards externally added KSCN was studied. The molecular structures of 4 and 5 feature a meridionally bound L1 and an azide ion (N3) in the square plane, while a Cl or SCN ion are occupying the axial site, respectively, to fulfill square-pyramidal coordination geometry. Complex 4 reacts with SCN ion to form 5. That an MeCN solution of 5 itself, or of 5 in the presence of KSCN, does not produce 2, supports that possibly the Cu(II) bound equatorial SCN ion is responsible for cycloaddition to L1. Dark purple solid 2 has also been prepared (turnover number ∼4 or 41% yield) efficiently following an alternative and easier one-pot synthesis procedure, that is from a mixture of KSCN and L1 in the presence of a catalytic amount of anhydrous CuCl2 (10 mol%) in MeCN in air. The X-ray crystal structure, 1H NMR spectrum and solution conductivity measurements strongly support that 2 is mesoionic. An MeCN solution of 2 fluoresces at room temperature upon excitation at 240 nm with an emission maximum λem at 470 nm, associated with a quantum yield of 0.16 with respect to a standard Rhodamine-6G fluorophore.

Graphical abstract: First structural example of a metal uncoordinated mesoionic imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine and its precursor intermediate copper complex: an insight to the catalytic cycle

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
29 Jul 2011
Accepted
02 Sep 2011
First published
26 Oct 2011

Dalton Trans., 2011,40, 12866-12876

First structural example of a metal uncoordinated mesoionic imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine and its precursor intermediate copper complex: an insight to the catalytic cycle

S. Roy, S. Javed, M. M. Olmstead and A. K. Patra, Dalton Trans., 2011, 40, 12866 DOI: 10.1039/C1DT11435B

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