Issue 44, 2021

An expeditious and highly efficient synthesis of substituted pyrroles using a low melting deep eutectic mixture

Abstract

An expeditious green method for the synthesis of diverse valued substituted pyrroles through a Paal–Knorr condensation reaction, using a variety of amines and 2,5-hexanedione/2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran in the presence of a low melting mixture of N,N’-dimethylurea and L-(+)-tartaric acid (which acts as a dual catalyst/solvent system), has fruitfully been revealed. Herein, we have disclosed the applicability of this simple yet effective strategy for the generation of mono- and dipyrroles in good to excellent yields. Moreover, C3-symmetric tripyrrolo–truxene derivatives have also been assembled by means of cyclotrimerization, Paal–Knorr and Clauson–Kaas reactions as crucial steps. Interestingly, the melting mixture was recovered and reused with only a gradual decrease in the catalytic activity (over four cycles) without any significant drop in the yield of the product. This particular methodology is simple, rapid, environmental friendly, and high yielding for the generation of a variety of pyrroles. To the best of our knowledge, the present work reveals the fastest greener method reported up to this date for the construction of substituted pyrroles by utilizing the Paal–Knorr synthetic protocol, achieving impressive yields under operationally simple reaction conditions without involving any precarious/dangerous catalysts or unsafe volatile organic solvents.

Graphical abstract: An expeditious and highly efficient synthesis of substituted pyrroles using a low melting deep eutectic mixture

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
17 Aug 2021
Accepted
05 Oct 2021
First published
19 Oct 2021

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2021,19, 9732-9745

An expeditious and highly efficient synthesis of substituted pyrroles using a low melting deep eutectic mixture

S. Alvi and R. Ali, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2021, 19, 9732 DOI: 10.1039/D1OB01618K

To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements