Issue 15, 2019

Coordination–insertion polymerization of polar allylbenzene monomers

Abstract

Copolymerization of polar allyl monomers is challenging and suffers from a low catalytic activity, owing to the formation of the inert five-membered cyclic chelate and the deactivation of active species by β-X elimination. In this contribution, the issue of low activity (0.04–12.1 kg mol−1 h−1) is overcome by the use of polar allylbenzene as the polar allyl monomer. Under the activation of NaBArF, the classic α-diimine Pd(II) catalyst 1 [(Dipp-N[double bond, length as m-dash]C(Me)–C(Me)[double bond, length as m-dash]N-Dipp)PdMeCl] was inert to the copolymerization of ethylene and polar allylbenzene monomers. In contrast, the phosphine-sulfonate Pd(II) catalysts ({[κ2(P,O)-R2P(C6H4SO2O)]PdMe(DMSO)}) (2: R = 2-MeOC6H4; 3: R = cyclohexyl) enable the copolymerizations of ethylene with a rich variety of challenging polar allylbenzene monomers such as allylbenzene (A-H), 2-methoxy allylbenzene (A-OMe), 2-acetoxy allylbenzene (A-OAc), 2-allylphenol (A-OH), 2-allylbenzoaldehyde (A-CHO), 2-allylbromobenzene (A-Br) and 2-(N,N-dimethylamino) allylbenzene (A-NMe2). Compared to those of the corresponding polar allyl monomers, the activities of polar allylbenzene monomers significantly enhanced by 9–6300 times (up to 252 kg mol−1 h−1). More remarkably, the activities of some polar allylbenzene monomers were even higher than that of non-polar allylbenzene, indicating a rare positive effect of the polar functional group toward the copolymerization reaction. The microstructures of all ethylene/polar allylbenzene copolymers obtained were comprehensively identified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H–1H COSY, 1H–13C HSQC and 1H–13C HMBC experiments and GPC and DSC analysis.

Graphical abstract: Coordination–insertion polymerization of polar allylbenzene monomers

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
08 Jan 2019
Accepted
06 Mar 2019
First published
07 Mar 2019

Polym. Chem., 2019,10, 1912-1919

Coordination–insertion polymerization of polar allylbenzene monomers

X. Hu, X. Ma and Z. Jian, Polym. Chem., 2019, 10, 1912 DOI: 10.1039/C9PY00026G

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