Functionalized chitosan adsorbents allow recovery of palladium and platinum from acidic aqueous solutions

Stein Mincke; Tsegaye Grima Asere; Ivar Verheye; Karel Folens; Flore Vanden Bussche; Linsey Lapeire; Kim Verbeken; Pascal Van Der Voort; Dejene A. Tessema; Fekadu Fufa; Gijs Du Laing; Christian V. Stevens

doi:10.1039/C9GC00166B

Functionalized chitosan adsorbents allow recovery of palladium and platinum from acidic aqueous solutions†

Stein Mincke,

‡^a Tsegaye Grima Asere,‡^bc Ivar Verheye,^a Karel Folens,

^a Flore Vanden Bussche,

^ad Linsey Lapeire,

^e Kim Verbeken,

^e Pascal Van Der Voort,

^d Dejene A. Tessema,^b Fekadu Fufa,^c Gijs Du Laing

^a and Christian V. Stevens

*^a

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
E-mail: Chris.Stevens@UGent.be

^b Department of Chemistry, Welkite University, Gubrei Wabe Bridge 5, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region, Welkite, Ethiopia

^c Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, P.O.B. 378, Jimma, Ethiopia

^d Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium

^e Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium

Abstract

Platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) are precious metals considered critical in our society and are needed in a variety of sustainable technologies. Their scarcity urges the increase of recycling from secondary waste streams through new and efficient recovery techniques. Adsorption is an established recovery method for liquid streams, where chitosan shows promising results as a low-cost adsorbent, derived from biomass. This biopolymer is able to capture metals, but suffers from a low stability under acidic conditions and poor adsorbing properties. In this study, three new chitosan derivatives were synthesized and employed for Pd(II) and Pt(IV) recovery from acidic solutions. Specific and simple modifications were selected based on their known affinities for these metal ions and taking into account the principles of green chemistry. The prepared derivatives consist of 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarbaldehyde cross-linked chitosan (Ch-PDC), [2,2′-bipyridine]-5,5′-dicarbaldehyde cross-linked chitosan (Ch-BPDC) and glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan grafted with 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carbaldehyde (Ch-GA-HQC). For all derivatives, the adsorption occurred fast and equilibrium reached within 30 min. The Langmuir isotherms revealed a maximum adsorption capacity for Pd(II) and Pt(IV) of respectively 262.6 mg g⁻¹ and 119.5 mg g⁻¹ for Ch-PDC, 154.7 mg g⁻¹ and 98.3 mg g⁻¹ for Ch-BPDC and 340.3 mg g⁻¹ and 203.9 mg g⁻¹ for Ch-GA-HQC. Such adsorption capacities are considerably higher compared to the biosorbents reported in the literature. Excellent physical properties in homo- and heterogeneous systems and high regeneration performances demonstrate that chitosan-based adsorbents are very promising for Pd(II) and Pt(IV) recovery from acidic solutions.

This article is part of the themed collection: Green Biorefinery Technologies based on Waste Biomass

Green Chemistry

Functionalized chitosan adsorbents allow recovery of palladium and platinum from acidic aqueous solutions†

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Functionalized chitosan adsorbents allow recovery of palladium and platinum from acidic aqueous solutions

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