Abstract
Cellular homeostasis is tightly controlled by the various pathways that regulate cell proliferation and cell death. Breaking this balance is often associated with cancer development. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway plays an important role in cellular homeostasis by regulating cell growth inhibition, cellular senescence, differentiation and apoptosis. Deregulated TGF-β signaling is known to be involved in a variety of human cancers, including those of the colon, pancreas, breast and prostate. While TGF-β is a potent negative regulator of hematopoiesis, the role of aberrant TGF-β signaling in leukemogenesis remains largely unknown. Recently, evidence demonstrating deregulated TGF-β signaling in leukemogenesis, particularly in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), has started to emerge. In this review, we summarize the current progress towards the understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which aberrant TGF-β signaling may participate in leukemogenesis.
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Abbreviations
- TGF-β:
-
transforming growth factor-β
- TβRI/II:
-
TGF-β receptor type I/II
- SARA:
-
Smad anchor for receptor activation
- APL:
-
acute promyelocytic leukemia
- AML:
-
acute myeloid leukemia
- HSC:
-
hematopoietic stem cell
- RA:
-
retinoid acid
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Acknowledgements
We apologize to those investigators whose works were not quoted here due to the space limitation. We thank D Shaffer and B Carver, and L DiSantis for their critical reading of our manuscript and for giving us insightful suggestions. In addition, we also thank all of the other members in the Pandolfi laboratory. This work is supported by NIH grants to PPP.
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