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Plasma sodium and blood pressure in individuals on haemodialysis

Journal of Human Hypertension volume 27, pages 85–89 (2013)Cite this article

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Abstract

To study the relationship between pre-dialysis plasma sodium and blood pressure (BP), we performed an audit of patients who were on stable haemodialysis at St Bartholomew's and The Royal London Hospital from 1 June 2009 to 15 June 2010. There were 651 patients with 7445 dialysis sessions where both plasma biochemistry and BP were measured before haemodialysis. We found a significant association between plasma sodium and both systolic and diastolic BP. A 1 mmol l−1 increase in plasma sodium was related to 0.65/0.36 mm Hg increase in BP (P<0.001 for both systolic and diastolic BP) after adjusting for potential confounding factors, including weight gain between dialyses and plasma albumin, both of which are crude indices of extracellular fluid volume. A separate analysis excluding individuals who were on BP treatment showed a similar relationship, with a 1-mmol l−1 increase in plasma sodium associated with 0.82/0.56 mm Hg increase in BP (P<0.001 for both, N=177). These results provide further support for the accumulating evidence that plasma sodium has an important role in regulating BP, which may be independent of extracellular volume. Our findings in conjunction with other evidence suggest that small changes in plasma sodium could be an important mechanism for the beneficial effects of lower dialysate sodium and lower salt intake on BP in haemodialysis patients.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ms Mira Varagunam for her help with the preliminary data analysis. We are grateful to Professor Hugh E de Wardener for his helpful comments on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

    F J He & G A MacGregor

  2. Barts and The London NHS Trust and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

    S Fan & M M Yaqoob

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  1. F J He
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  2. S Fan
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  4. M M Yaqoob
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Correspondence to F J He.

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He, F., Fan, S., MacGregor, G. et al. Plasma sodium and blood pressure in individuals on haemodialysis. J Hum Hypertens 27, 85–89 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2012.9

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