Abstract
The CMA/DAPI chromosome banding pattern of six Citrus species was analysed. All of them showed a large amount of heterochromatin and heterozygosity. Most of the heterochromatin was CMA+/DAPI− and was located mainly in the terminal region of the long arms. Each individual was heterozygous for at least one chromosome pair and each species presented a different banding pattern. The greatest amount of information on karyotype variation can be obtained from the four largest pairs. Pairs I and III showed the highest amount of heterochromatin and heterozygosity whereas pair II was highly stable and almost completely lacked CMA+ heterochromatin. On the other hand, some features common to all species suggest a strong chromosome homoeology conservation. The CMA staining revealed some chromosome markers for each Citrus species that may be very useful in the identification of zygotic versus nucellar embryos, as well as for further evolutionary studies.
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
References
Agarwal, P K. 1987a. Cytogenetical investigations in Rutaceae. I. Meiotic studies in four Citrus species of hybrid origin. Cytologia, 52, 753–756.
Agarwal, P K. 1987b. Cytogenetical investigations in Rutaceae. II. Meiotic studies in three intergeneric hybrids of Citrus. Cytologia, 52, 757–760.
Ashari, S, Aspinall, D, and Sedgley, M. 1988. Discrimination of zygotic and nucellar seedlings of five polyembryonic citrus rootstocks by isozyme analysis and seedling morphology. J Hort Sci, 63, 495–703.
Banerji, I. 1954. Morphological and cytological studies on Citrus grandis Osbeck. Phytomorphology, 4, 390–396.
Banerji, I. 1957. A note on the cytology and pollen of Aegle marmelos Corr. Phyton, 8, 75–78.
Barrett, H C, and Rhodes, A M. 1976. A numerical taxonomic study of affinity relationships in cultivated Citrus and its close relatives. System Bot, 1, 105–136.
Cameron, J W, and Frost, H B. 1968. Genetics, breeding and nucellar embryony in citrus. In: Reuther, W., Batchelor, L. D. and Webber, H. J. (eds), The Citrus Industry, vol. II, University of California Press, California, pp. 325–366.
Deumling, B, and Greilhuber, J. 1982. Characterization of heterochromatin in different species of the Scilla siberica group (Liliaceae) by in situ hybridization of satellite DNAs and fluorochrome banding. Chromosoma, 84, 535–555.
Durham, R E, Liou, P C, Gmitter, Jr, F G, and Moore, G A. 1992. Linkage of restriction fragment length polymorphisms and isozymes in Citrus. Theor Appl Genet, 84, 39–48.
Frost, H B. 1925. The chromosomes of Citrus. J Washington Acad Sci, 15, 1–3.
Haga, T. 1969. Structure and dynamics of natural populations of a diploid Trillium. Chromosomes Today, 2, 207–217.
Gill, B S. 1981. Evolutionary relationships based on heterochromatin bands in six species of the Triticinae. J Hered, 72, 391–394.
Grosser, J W, Gmitter, F G, and Chandler, J L. 1988. Intergeneric somatic hybrid plants from sexually incompatible woody species: Citrus sinensis and Severinia disticha. Theor Appl Genet, 75, 397–401.
Guerra, M. 1985. Cytogenetics of Rutaceae. III. Heterochromatin patterns. Caryologia, 38, 335–346.
Guerra, M. 1987. Cytogenetics of Rutaceae. IV. Structure and systematic significance of the interphase nuclei. Cytologia, 52, 213–222.
Guerra, M. 1990. Poliembrionia e heterozigosidade cromossômica em Citrus e gêneros afins. Resumos do XLI Congresso Nac de Botänica (Fortaleza): 115.
Iglesias, L, Lima, H, and Simon, J P. 1974. Isoenzyme identification of zygotic and nucellar seedlings in Citrus. J Hered, 65, 81–84.
Ingle, J, Pearson, G G, and Sinclair, J. 1973. Species distribution and properties of nuclear satellite DNA in higher plants. Nature New Biol, 242, 192–197.
Jarrel, D C, Roose, M L, Traugh, S N, and Kupper, R S. 1992. A genetic map of citrus based on the segregation of isozymes and RFLPs in an intergeneric cross. Theor Appl Genet, 84, 49–56.
Kobayashi, S, Ohgawara, T, Fujiwara, K, and Oiyama, I. 1991. Analysis of cytoplasmic genomes in somatic hybrids between navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osb) and ‘Murcott’ tangor. Theor Appl Genet, 82, 6–10.
Krug, C A. 1943. Chromosome numbers in the subfamily Aurantioideae with special reference to the genus Citrus. Bot Gaz, 104, 602–611.
Liang, G. 1988. Studies on the Giemsa C-banding patterns of some Citrus and its related genera. Acta Genet Sin, 15, 409–415.
Moore, G A, and Castle, W S. 1988. Morphological and isozymic analysis of open-pollinated Citrus rootstock populations. J Hered, 79, 59–63.
Moscoso, C G, and Shambulingappa, K G. 1972. Cytological studies on Chironja. J Agric Univ Puerto Rico, 56, 426–431.
Naithani, S P, and Raghuvanshi, S S. 1963. Cytogenetical studies in Citrus Part I. Genetica, 33, 301–312.
Raghuvanshi, S S. 1962. Cytogenetical studies in genus Citrus IV. Evolution in genus Citrus. Cytologia, 27, 172–188.
Sato, S, Kuroki, Y, and Ohta, S. 1979. Two types of color-differentiated C-banding positive segments in chromosomes of Nothoscordum fragrans, Liliaceae. Cytologia, 44, 715–725.
Schweizer, D. 1976. Reverse fluorescent chromosome banding with Chromomycin and DAPI. Chromosoma, 58, 307–324.
Sellito-Boaventura, Y M, and Pio, R M. 1989. Análise citogenética em três cultivares de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). Rev Brasil Genet, 12, 117–126.
Sharma, A K, and Bal, A K. 1957. Chromosomes studies in Citrus I. Agron Lusitana, 19, 101–126.
Vosa, C. 1973a. Heterochromatin recognition and analysis of chromosome variation in Scilla sibirica. Chromosoma, 43, 269–278.
Vosa, C. 1973b. Quinacrine fluorescence analysis of chromosome variation in the plant Tulbaghia leucantha. Chromosomes Today, 4, 345–349.
Wei, W, Cheng, Y, and Duan, Y. 1988. Studies on the evolution of Citrus based on karyotype and Giemsa C-banding patterns. Acta Hort Sin, 15, 223–228.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Guerra, M. Cytogenetics of Rutaceae. V. High chromosomal variability in Citrus species revealed by CMA/DAPI staining. Heredity 71, 234–241 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1993.131
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1993.131
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
Heterochromatic patterns of Citrus revisited: a new look at species origins and karyotype evolution
Tree Genetics & Genomes (2023)
-
Karyotype variability of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and the origin of its heteromorphic karyotypes
Tree Genetics & Genomes (2020)
-
Chromosomal characterization of a potential model mini-Citrus (Fortunella hindsii)
Tree Genetics & Genomes (2019)
-
Chromosome homologies between Citrus and Poncirus—the comparative cytogenetic map of mandarin (Citrus reticulata)
Tree Genetics & Genomes (2015)
-
Heterochromatin characterization through differential fluorophore binding pattern in some species of Vigna Savi
Protoplasma (2015)