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Lipodystrophy in HIV 1-infected patients: lessons for obesity research

International Journal of Obesity volume 31, pages 1763–1776 (2007)Cite this article

Abstract

Lipodystrophy is a common alteration in HIV 1-infected patients under anti-retroviral treatment. This syndrome is usually associated with peripheral lipoatrophy, central adiposity and, in some cases, lipomatosis, as well as systemic insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia. Research on the ethiopathogenesis of the disease revealed novel aspects of adipose tissue biology highly relevant to obesity research: the pivotal role of mitochondria in white adipose tissue function, the role that interference with master transcription factors of adipogenesis may have in human adipose tissue, the capacity of human white adipose tissue to acquire brown fat-like features, as well as the importance of apoptosis and the potential impact of viral infections in adipose tissue. The dramatic difference between subcutaneous adipose depots, prone to lipoatrophy, and the visceral adipose depots, prone to enlargement, has been further evidenced in the study of the lipodystrophy syndrome. The recognition of a local pro-inflammatory environment in lipoatrophic adipose tissue from affected patients, including macrophage infiltration and enhanced expression of chemokines and cytokines, points to events paradoxically similar to those in the hypertrophied adipose tissue in obesity. However, this also potentially provides an explanation for the existence of systemic alterations common to lipodystrophy and obese patients and reminiscent of the metabolic syndrome.

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Acknowledgements

Supported by Grants from Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (SAF2005-01722), Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo (PI052336) and FIPSE (36752/06, 36610/06). Partially funded by the ISCIII-RETIC RD06/006, Spain.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain

    F Villarroya & M Giralt

  2. Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

    P Domingo

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  1. F Villarroya
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  3. M Giralt
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Correspondence to F Villarroya.

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Villarroya, F., Domingo, P. & Giralt, M. Lipodystrophy in HIV 1-infected patients: lessons for obesity research. Int J Obes 31, 1763–1776 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803698

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