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PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, VOL. 18, NO. 1, 1021, doi:10.1029/2002PA000793, 2003

A comparison between excess barium and barite as indicators of carbon export

Meagan Eagle

Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA


Adina Paytan

Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA


Kevin R. Arrigo

Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA


Gert van Dijken

Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA


Richard W. Murray

Department of Earth Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA


Abstract

Since Dymond et al. [1992] proposed the paleoproductivity algorithm based on “Bio-Ba,” which relies on a strong correlation between Ba and organic carbon fluxes in sediment traps, this proxy has been applied in many paleoproductivity studies. Barite, the main carrier of particulate barium in the water column and the phase associated with carbon export, has also been suggested as a reliable paleoproductivity proxy in some locations. We demonstrate that Baexcess (total barium minus the fraction associated with terrigenous material) frequently overestimates Babarite (barium associated with the mineral barite), most likely due to the inclusion of barium from phases other than barite and terrigenous silicates (e.g., carbonate, organic matter, opal, Fe-Mn oxides, and hydroxides). A comparison between overlying oceanic carbon export and carbon export derived from Baexcess shows that the Dymond et al. [1992] algorithm frequently underestimates carbon export but is still a useful carbon export indicator if all caveats are considered before the algorithm is applied. Babarite accumulation rates from a wide range of core top sediments from different oceanic settings are highly correlated to surface ocean 14C and Chlorophyll a measurements of primary production. This relationship varies by ocean basin, but with the application of the appropriate f ratio to 14C and Chlorophyll a primary production estimates, the plot of Babarite accumulation and carbon export for the equatorial Pacific, Atlantic, and Southern Ocean converges to a global relationship that can be used to reconstruct paleo carbon export.

Published 27 March 2003.

Index Terms: 3022 Marine Geology and Geophysics: Marine sediments—processes and transport; 4267 Oceanography: General: Paleoceanography; 4825 Oceanography: Biological and Chemical: Geochemistry.

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Citation: Eagle, M., A. Paytan, K. R. Arrigo, G. van Dijken, and R. W. Murray (2003), A comparison between excess barium and barite as indicators of carbon export, Paleoceanography, 18(1), 1021, doi:10.1029/2002PA000793.