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Originalia

Einfluss von Achtsamkeitsübung und Dezentrierung auf Rumination und Spezifität autobiographischer Erinnerungen

Published Online:September 30, 2009https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443.38.4.240

Abstract

Zusammenfassung.Theoretischer Hintergrund: Persistierendes Grübeln über Ursachen und Konsequenzen negativen Erlebens – Rumination – ist ein nachgewiesener Prädiktor für den Beginn und einen ungünstigen Verlauf depressiver Störungen. Erste experimentelle Induktionsstudien geben Hinweise zu hilfreichen antiruminativen Interventionsstrategien. Fragestellung: Welchen Einfluss haben Achtsamkeitsübung und Dezentrierung auf affektive und kognitive Indikatoren induzierter Rumination? Methode: Nach kombinierter Stimmungs- und Ruminationsinduktion wurden 74 nicht-depressive Probanden in drei Interventionsbedingungen randomisiert (Achtsamkeitsübung, Dezentrierung, Kombination). Maße für Stimmung und aktuelle Ruminationstendenz wurden zwischen den Gruppen und longitudinal verglichen. Die Spezifität des Gedächtniszugriffs wird durch ein im deutschen Sprachraum neues Paradigma erfasst. Ergebnisse: Sowohl die erfolgreich induzierte Stimmungsverschlechterung wie die aktuelle Ruminationsneigung verbesserten sich durch alle drei Interventionen bedeutsam. Probanden nach reiner Achtsamkeitsübung hatten den höchsten Anteil spezifischer Erinnerungen. Schlussfolgerungen: Die gezeigte Veränderbarkeit von Ruminationsfolgen im Labor ermutigt weitere Studien zu günstigen Bedingungen für das Beenden persistierenden Gedankenkreisens bei dysphorischen/depressiven Personen.


The influence of mindfulness exercises and decentring on rumination and specificity of autobiographical memory

Abstract.Background: Persistent negative thinking about causes and consequences of negative feelings – rumination – has been shown to predict the onset of depressive disorder and an unfavorable course. Recent experimental studies indicate the potential of antiruminative strategies. Objective: What is the impact of mindfulness exercises and decentring on affective and cognitive consequences of induced rumination? Methods: Following a combined mood and rumination induction 74 nonclinical participants were randomized into three intervention conditions (mindfulness exercises, decentring, combination). Mood and state rumination measures were compared within and between groups. A new paradigm was adapted for the German language to assess specificity of autobiographical memory. Results: After a successful induction procedure all three interventions produced significant improvements in mood and state rumination. Participants in the mindfulness condition generated the highest number of specific memories. Conclusions: The demonstrated changeability of rumination consequences in the laboratory supports future studies aimed at intervention strategies to help dysphoric/depressed people in terminating rumination.

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