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Freie Beiträge

Darmentleerung, Sauberkeitsentwicklung bei Kindern und ihre Störungen (Obstipation und Enkopresis)

Published Online:February 05, 2007https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403.16.1.50

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Verstopfung und Stuhlinkontinenz bei Kindern stellen für die Betroffenen und deren Familien eine schwere Belastung dar. In den meisten Fällen liegen funktionelle Störungen ohne organische Erkrankungen zugrunde. Trotzdem muss bei jedem Kind eine zielgerichtete somatische Diagnostik erfolgen. Rein psychische Ursachen für Obstipation und Inkontinenz sind eher selten. Nach Eingrenzen der Diagnose kann durch verschiedene Therapieansätze eine Besserung der Symptomatik erfolgen. Neben medikamentösen und diätetischen Maßnahmen stehen verhaltenstherapeutische Ansätze im Vordergrund. Der vorliegende Text gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zu Kontinenzentwicklung, Physiologie und Pathophysiologie der Darmentleerung sowie Diagnostik und Behandlung von Obstipation und Enkopresis aus pädiatrisch-gastroenterologischer Sicht.


Physiology of defecation, development of bowel control and its disorders (constipation, encopresis, and faecal incontinence)

Abstract. Constipation, encopresis, and faecal incontinence in children are frequent problems and negatively affect quality of life. The most common cause of these elimination disorders is functional faecal retention without underlying organic disease. Nevertheless, each case has to be thoroughly examined by an experienced physician to exclude organic pathology. Treatment consists of counselling, dietetic modifications as well as medical and behavioural management. The aim of this text is to review the development of continence, physiology and pathophysiology of defecation. Diagnostic approaches and treatment options are summarised from the pediatric-gastroenterologic perspective.

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