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Übersichtsarbeit

Einflussfaktoren auf den Alkoholkonsum Jugendlicher: Zur Rolle von Gen-Umwelt Wechselwirkungen

Published Online:October 03, 2006https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917.34.5.329

Abstract

Zusammenfassung:Fragestellung: Übermäßiger Alkoholkonsum im Jugendalter erhöht das Risiko einer späteren Alkoholerkrankung. Geeignete präventive Maßnahmen bedürfen eines ätiologischen Modells, in das sowohl genetische als auch Umweltfaktoren eingehen. Welche Rolle dabei Wechselwirkungen zwischen Genotyp und Umwelt zukommt, soll in einer Literaturübersicht geprüft werden. Methodik: Mit Hilfe der Datenbank Medline Advanced wurden themenbezogene Artikel gesucht. Diese wurden auf ihre Relevanz überprüft und nach genetischen Faktoren, Umweltfaktoren und deren Wechselwirkung geordnet. Ergebnisse: Eine Vielzahl von Faktoren beeinflusst, isoliert und in Kombination mit anderen, den Alkoholkonsum Jugendlicher. Dabei erklärt jede einzelne Variable nur einen geringen Anteil der Variation des Konsumverhaltens. Schlussfolgerungen: Die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten von Wechselwirkungen zwischen einzelnen Faktoren werden deutlich. Der Bedarf an umfassenden Modellen zum erhöhten Alkoholkonsum Jugendlicher und der Integration bisheriger Ergebnisse in diese Modelle ist groß.


Factors influencing juvenile alcohol consumption: the role of gene-environment interactions

Summary:Introduction: Excessive alcohol consumption in youth increases the risk of subsequent alcohol use disorders. Despite the recognition of genetic and environmental factors, an appropriate aetiological model is needed to take adequate preventative steps. This is in part due to the complex interactions between genotype and environment. In this article we review research on factors determining alcohol use by adolescents and on the development of an unifying model. Method: The data bank Medline Advanced was searched for topical articles that were then checked for relevance and sorted according to genetic factors, environmental factors, and their interactions. Results: Many factors, alone and in combination with others, influence juvenile alcohol consumption. Each single variable, however, can explain only a small part of the variation in consumption behaviour. Conclusion: The manifold possibilities of interactions between these factors become clear. There is a strong need for comprehensive models of juvenile alcohol use and the integration of current results into these models.

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