Skip to main content
Log in

Biotic Diversity of Natchez Trace State Forest, Western Tennessee

  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We carried out a multiple-scale assessment of biotic resources within Natchez Trace State Forest (NTSF) in western Tennessee, focusing on the relation between biotic communities and seven previously developed ecological land types (ELT, based on topography and soils). We wanted to test the functional ability of ELTs for biodiversity stewardship. Woody and herbaceous flora as well as herpetofauna and avifauna communities had substantial differences between upland and lowland forests. However, none of the faunal communities distinguished among upland ELTs. In addition, herbaceous taxa also failed to distinguish upland ELTs. The results suggest the present use of ELTs at NTSF will not be a helpful guide to land stewardship focusing on biodiversity. The disturbance history of the Forest and the mobility of animals are given as potential explanations for a poor relationship between abiotic ELTs and the resident biota.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allen, R. B., Hewitt, A. E. and Partridge, T. R.: 1995, 'Predicting land use suitability from vegetation and landform in depleted demiarid grassland, New Zealand', Landsc. Urban Plann. 32, 31–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Archambault, L.; Barnes, B. V. and Witter, J. A.: 1990, 'Landscape ecosystems of disturbed oak forests of southeastern Michigan, USA', Can. J. Forest Res. 20, 1570–1582.

    Google Scholar 

  • Band, L. E. and Wood, E. F.: 1988, 'Strategies for large-scale distributed hydrological simulation', App. Math. Comput. 27, 23–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beers, T. W., Dress, P. C. and Wensel, L. C.: 1966, 'Aspect transformation in productivity research', J. Forestry 64, 691–692.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biondini, M. E., Mielke, P. W. and Berry, K. J.: 1988, 'Data dependent permutation for the analysis of ecological data', Vegetatio 75, 161–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryant, W. S., McComb, W. C. and Fralish, J. S.: 1993, 'Oak-hickory Forests (Western Mesophytic/Oak-Hickory forests)', in: W. H. Martin, S. G. Boyce and A. C. Echternacht (eds), Biodiversity of the Southeastern United States: Upland Terrestrial Communities, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NY, pp. 143–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burley, F. W.: 1988, 'Monitoring Biological Diversity for Setting Conservation Priorities', in: E. O. Wilson (ed.), Biodiversity, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., pp. 227–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, N. L. and Peet, R. K.: 1984, 'Covergence during secondary forest succession', J. Ecol. 72, 25–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Close, D. M., Fralish, J. S. and Franklin, S. B.: 2002, 'The Climate, Soil, and Vegetation of Land Between the Lakes', in J. S. Fralish and E. W. Chester (eds), Land Between The Lakes, Kentucky and Tennessee: Four Decades of Tennessee Valley Authority Stewardship, Center for Field Biology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN, pp. 53–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cody, M. L.: 1981, 'Habitat selection in birds: The roles of vegetation structure, competitors, and productivity', BioScience 3, 107–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conroy, M. J. and Noon, B. R.: 1996, 'Mapping of species richness for conservation of biological diversity: Conceptual and methodological issues', Ecol. Appl. 6, 763–773.

    Google Scholar 

  • De'ath, G.: 1999, 'Principal curves: a new technique for indirect and direct gradient analysis', Ecology 80, 2237–2253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Debinsky, D. M. and Humphrey, P. S.: 1997, 'An integrated approach to biodiversity assessment', Nat. Areas J. 17, 355–365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duguay, J. P. and Wood, P. B.: 2002, 'Salamander abundance in regenerating forest stands on the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia', Forest Sci. 48, 331–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enge, K. M.: 1988, 'Herpetofaunal Drift-fence Survey of Steephead Ravines in the Apalachicola and Ochlockonee River Drainanges', Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Comm. Final Performance Report, Tallahassee, FL.

  • Feldhammer, G. A., Drickamer, L. C., Vessey, S. H. and Merritt, J. F.: 1999, Adaptation, Diversity, and Ecology: Mammals, WCB McGraw-Hill, New York, 563 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flowers, R. L., Williams, L. D., Walker, D. D. and Phillips, J. A.: 1960, Soil Survey of Henderson County, Tennessee. Series 1954, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, J.: 1995, 'Predictive vegetation mapping: geographic modeling of biospatial patterns in relation to environmental gradients', Progr. Phys. Geogr. 19, 494–519.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, S. B.: 1994, 'Late-Pleistocene and Holocene vegetation history of land between the lakes, Kentucky and Tennessee', Transact. Kentucky Acad. Sci. 55, 6–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, S. B. and Kupfer, J. S.: 'Forest communities of Natchez Trace State Forest, western Tennessee coastal plain', Castanea (in press).

  • Franklin, S. B., Robertson, P. A., Fralish, J. S. and Kettler, S. M.: 1993, 'Overstory vegetation and successional trends of land between the lakes',J. Veg. Sci. 4, 509–520.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilley, L. M.: 2002, 'Ecological Studies of Small mammals in temperate Deciduous Forest', M. S. Thesis, Department of Biology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 125 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamel, P. B., Smith, W. P., Twedt, D. J., Woehr, J. R., Morris, E., Hamilton, R. B. and Cooper, R. J.: 1996, A Land Manager's Guide to Point Counts of Birds in the Southeast, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, General Technical Report SO-120.

  • Hix, D. M. and Pearcy, J. N: 1997, 'Forest ecosystems of the Marietta Unit, Wayne National Forest, southeastern Ohio: Multifactor classification and analysis', Can. J. Forest Res. 27, 1117–1131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Innes, J. L. and Koch, B.: 1998, 'Forest biodiversity and its assessment by remote sensing', Global Ecol. Biogeogr. Lett. 7, 397–419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, K. B.: 1986, 'Amphibians and Reptiles', in A. Y. Cooperrider, R. J. Boyd, and H. R. Stuart (eds), Inventory and Monitoring of Wildlife Habitat, U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management Service Center, Denver, CO, pp. 267–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, K. B. and Riddle, B. R.: 1996, 'Regional Scale Monitoring of Biodiversity', in R. C. Szaro and D. W. Johnson (eds), Biodiversity in Managed Landscapes: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, NY, pp. 193–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jongman, R. H. G., ter Braak, C. J. F. and van Tongeren, O. F. R.: 1987, Data Analysis in Community and Landscape Ecology, Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaennel, M.: 1997, 'Biodiversity: a Diversity in Definition', in P. Bachmann, M. Köhl, and R. Päivinen (eds), Assessment of Biodiversity for Improved Forest Planning, Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 71–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, M. L.: 1991, 'Annotated checklist of the mammals of Tennessee',J. Tennessee Acad. Sci. 66, 183–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotar, J., Kovach, J. and Locey, C. J.: 1988, 'Field Guide to Forest Habitat Types of Northern Wisconsin', Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunz, T. H. and Kurta, A.: 1988, 'Capture Methods and Holding Devices', in T. H. Kunz (ed.), Ecological and Behavioral Methods for the Study of Bats, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kupfer, J. A. and Franklin, S. B.: 2000, 'Evaluation of an ecological land type classification system, Natchez Trace State Forest, Western Tennessee, USA', Landsc. Urban Plann. 49, 179–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leberg, P. L. and Kennedy, M. L.: 1987, 'Utilization of Scent-station Methodology to Assess Raccoon Abundance', Proceedings of the Annual Southeastern Conference of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 41, 394–403.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacArthur, R. H. and MacArthur, J. W.: 1961, 'On bird species diversity', Ecology 42, 594–598.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, W. H.: 1992, 'Characteristics of old-growth mixed mesophytic forests', Natural Areas J. 12, 127–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCune, B. and Mefford, M. J.: 1997, PC-ORD: Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data, Version 3.0, MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R. A., Hardeman, W. D. and Fullerton, D. S. (comps.): 1966, Geology Map of Tennessee, West Sheet. Nashville, TN, Tennessee Division of Geology, Nashville. Scale 1:250,000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minchin, P. R.: 1987, 'Simulation of multidimensional community patterns: towards a comprehensive model', Vegetatio 71, 145–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, C. L., Clement, A. B., Dagnan, D. C. and Jackson, W. C.: 1984, Soil Survey of Carroll County, Tennessee, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noss, R. F.: 1987, 'From plant communities to landscapes in conservation inventories: a look at the nature conservatory (USA)', Biol. Conserv. 41, 11–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noss, R. L.: 1995, Saving Nature's Legacy, Island Press, Covelo, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, C. D.: 1981, 'Forest development in North America following disturbances', Forest Ecol. Manage. 3, 153–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quarterman, E. and Keever, C.: 1962, 'Southern mixed hardwood forest: Climax in the Southeastern coastal plain, U.S.A.', Ecol. Monogr. 32, 167–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, J. S. and Sheard, J. W.: 1981, 'Ecological land classification: a survey approach', Environ. Manage. 5, 451–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, C. W. and Schwartz, E. R.: 2001, The Wild Mammals of Missouri, Department of Environment and Conservation, Columbia, MO, 368 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, J. M., Davis, F., Csuti, B., Noss, R., Butterfield, B., Groves, C., Anderson, H., Caicco, S., D'Erichia, F., Edwards, T. C., Ulliman, J. and Wright, R. G.: 1993, 'Gap analysis: a geographic approach to protection of biological diversity', Wildlife Monogr. 123.

  • Semlitsch, R. D. and Ryan, T. J.: 1999, 'Migration, Amphibians', in Encyclopedia of Reproduction, Academic Press, pp. 221-227.

  • Smalley, G. W.: 1991, 'Classification and Evaluation of Forest Sites on the Natchez Trace State Forest, State Resort Park, and Wildlife Management Area in West Tennessee', USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. SO-85, New Orleans, LA.

  • Smalley, G. W., Sharber, L. B. and Gregoray, J. C.: 1996, 'Ecological land classification as a basic theme for the management of wildlands in Tennessee: a start', Environ. Monit. Assess. 39, 579–588.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M-L.: 1995, 'Community and edaphic analysis of upland northern hardwood communities, central Vermont, USA', Forest Ecol. Manage. 72, 235–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R. L.: 1996, Ecology and Field Biology, 5th edition, Harper Collins Publishers Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, D.: 1991, Birds of Land Between the Lakes, Vaughn Printing: Nashville, Tennessee.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soberón, J., Lorente, J. and Benitez, H.: 1996, 'An international view of national biological surveys', Ann. Missouri Botan. Gardens 83, 562–573.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vale, T. R., Parker, A. J. and Parker, K. C.: 1982, 'Bird communities and vegetation structure in the United States', Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geographers 72, 120–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zonneveld, I. S.: 1995, Landscape Ecology, SPB Academic, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Franklin, S.B., Kupfer, J.A., Grubaugh, J.W. et al. Biotic Diversity of Natchez Trace State Forest, Western Tennessee. Environ Monit Assess 93, 30–54 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EMAS.0000016790.87572.2a

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EMAS.0000016790.87572.2a

Navigation