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The Origin of Anti-GM1 Antibodies in Neuropathies: The “Binding Site Drift” Hypothesis

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Abstract

Elevated titers of serum antibodies against GM1-ganglioside are associated with a variety of autoimmune neuropathies. The origin of these autoantibodies is still unknown, although there is evidence that they are produced by CD5+ B-lymphocytes and that antigen mimicry is involved. Anti-GM1 IgM-antibodies in the normal human immunological repertoire are low affinity antibodies that cross-react with other glycoconjugates carrying Galβ1-3GalNAc and probably do not have GM1-mediated biological activity. Other anti-GM1 IgM-antibodies with higher affinity and/or different fine specificity are present in patients with motor syndromes. Based on our studies of structural requirement for binding, we hypothesize that disease-associated anti-GM1 antibodies originate at random by mutations affecting the binding site of naturally-occurring ones. The hypothesis is conceptually similar to the established phenomenon of “genetic drift” in species evolutionary biology and is therefore termed “binding site drift”.

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  1. CIQUIBIC-CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica “Dr. Ranwel Caputto,” Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina

    Pablo H. H. Lopez, Ricardo D. Lardone, Fernando J. Irazoqui & Gustavo A. Nores

  2. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina

    Mariana Maccioni

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  1. Pablo H. H. Lopez
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Lopez, P.H.H., Lardone, R.D., Irazoqui, F.J. et al. The Origin of Anti-GM1 Antibodies in Neuropathies: The “Binding Site Drift” Hypothesis. Neurochem Res 27, 687–695 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020232318647

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