Abstract
Glycoprotein K (gK) encoded by the UL53 gene is the ninth out of eleven HSV glycoproteins (gps). The precursor gK (pgK) is a transmembrane protein with four hydrophobic domains, which consists of 338 amino acids. The UL53 gene has two initiation codons: the upper overlaps with the UL52 ORF, while the lower is located 55 codons downstream and specifies a truncated precursor of the gK polypeptide. The UL53 gene and the upstream located UL52 gene have a common polyadenylation signal downstream from the UL53 stop codon so that the UL53 mRNA is completely nested within the UL52 transcript. The syn1 mutations in several KOSsyn mutants and in the MPsyn virus, which had been fine mapped to DNA coordinates 0.735–0.740, were later on located to the UL53 gene, especially to its portion which specifies the first 120 amino acids (aa) from the N-terminus (most frequently residue 40) and to a less precisely defined locus between aa 301–310 (close to the C-terminus). Point mutations in the N-terminal ectodomain of gK, which are related to syn formation, impair the putative ability of this region to down-regulate membrane fusion. The two N-glycosylated mannose core oligosaccharides are attached to the Asn residues of the gK polypeptide at positions 48 and 58, respectively. In infected cells, gK is localized mainly in the nuclear and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. It is not clear, whether gK becomes incorporated into the envelope of mature HSV particles. Studies with the insertion/deletion gK mutants showed the importance of gK for capsid envelopment, for the transportation and egress or virions from infected cells. It seems that gK has an essential role in virion egress, even though this glycoprotein acts in accord with gH and with another membrane protein encoded by the UL20 gene.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baghian A. and Kousoulas K.G., Virology 196, 548-556, 1993.
Baumeister J.B., Klupp G., and Mettenleiter T.C., J Virol 69, 5560-5567, 1995.
Baghian A., Huang L., Newman S., Jayachandra S., and Kousoulas K.G., J Virol 67, 2396-2401, 1993.
Baines J.D., Ward P.L., Campadelli-Fiume G., and Roizman B., J Virol. 65, 6414-6424, 1991.
Ben-Hur T., Asher Y., Tabor E., Darai G., and Becker Y., Arch Virol 96, 117-122, 1987.
Bond V.C., Person S., and Warner S., J Gen Virol 61, 245-254, 1982.
Bond V.C. and Person S., Virology 141, 306-310, 1984.
Browne H., Bell S., Minson T., and Wilson D., J Virol 70, 4311-4316, 1996.
Cai W., Gu B., and Person S., J Virol 62, 2596-2604, 1988.
Campadelli-Fiume G., Farabegoli F., DiGaeta S., and Roizman B., J Virol 65, 1589-1595, 1991.
Chou J. and Roizman B., J. Virol 57, 628-637, 1986.
Chou J., Kern E.J., Whitley R.J., and Roizman B., Science 250, 1262-1266, 1990.
Debroy C, Pederson N., and Person S., Virology 145, 36-48, 1985.
DeLuca N.A., Bzik D., Bond V.C., Person S., and Snipes W., Virology 122, 411-423, 1982.
Dempsey B.C.E., Biophys Biochem Acta 1031, 143-161, 1990.
Desai P.J., Schaffer P.A., and Minson A.C., J Gen Virol 69, 1147-1156, 1988.
Dick J.W. and Rosenthal K.S., Arch. Virol. 140, 2163-2181, 1995.
Dolter K.E., Ramaswamy R., and Holland T.C., J Virol 68, 8277-8281, 1994.
Forrester A., Farrel H., Wilkinson G., Kaye J., Davis-Poynter N., and Minson T., J Virol 66, 341-348, 1992.
Foster T.P. and Kousoulas K.G., The 23rd Herpesvirus Workshop, York 1998, poster 126.
Ghiasi H., Slanina S., Nesburn A.B., and Wechsler S.L., J Virol 68, 2347-2354, 1994.
Ghiasi H., Cai S., Nesburn A.B., and Wechsler S.L., Virology 224, 330-333, 1996.
Ghiasi H., Cai S., Slanina S., Nesburn A.B., and Wechsler S.L., Invest Ophthal Vis Sci 38, 1213-1221, 1997.
Horisberger J.D., Lemas V., Kraehenbuhl J.P., and Rossier B.C., Annu Rev Physiol 53, 565-584, 1991.
Hutchinson L., Goldsmith K., Snoddy D., Ghosh H., Graham F.L., and Johnson D.C., J Virol 66, 5603-5609, 1992.
Hutchinson L., Graham F.L., Cai W-Z., Debroy C., Person S., and Johnson D., Virology 196, 514-531, 1993.
Hutchinson L. and Johnson D.C., J Virol 69, 5401-5413, 1995.
Hutchinson L., Roop-Beauchamp C.R., and Johnson D.C., J Virol 69, 4556-4563, 1995.
Jayachandra S., Baghian A., and Kousoulas G., J Virol 71, 5012-5024, 1997.
Johnson D.C. and Spear P.G., J Virol 43, 1102-1112, 1982.
Jones F. and Grose C., J Virol 62, 2701-2711, 1988.
KuÂdelova M., Vojvodova A., and RajcÏaÂni J., Acta Virol 42, 41-45, 1998.
Klupp B.G., Baumeister J., Dietz P., Granzow H., and Mettenleiter T.C., J Virol 72, 1949-1958, 1998.
Khadr A, Tikoo S.K., Babiuk L.A., van-Drunen L., and van den Hurk S., Gene 168, 189-193, 1996.
Ligas M.W. and Johnson D.C., J Virol 62, 1486-1494, 1988.
Lingen M., Seck T., Weise K., and Falke D., J Gen Virol 76, 897-906, 1995.
MacLean A.R., Fareed M.U., Robertson L., Harland J., and Browns M.S., J Gen Virol 72, 631-639, 1991a.
MacLean A.R., Robertson L., McKay E., and Browns M.S., J Gen Virol 69, 1531-1574, 1991b.
McGeoch D.J., Dalrymple M.A., Davison A.J., Dolan A., Frame M.C., McNab D., Perry L.J., Scott J.E., and Taylor P.J., J Gen Virol 69, 1531-1574, 1988.
McLean C.A., Efstathiou S., Elliot M.L., Jameson F.E., and McGeoch D.I., J Gen Virol 72, 897-906, 1991.
Mo C.J. and Holland T.C., J Biol Chem 272, 33, 305-311, 1997.
Moyal M., Berkowitz C., Rosen-Wolf A., Darai G., and Becker Y., Virus Res 26, 99-112, 1992.
Moyal M. and Becker Y., Virus Genes 9, 13-21, 1994.
Perng G.C., Chokephaibuljit K., Thompson R.L., Sawtell N.M., Slanina S.M., Ghiasi H., Nesburn A.B., and Wechsler S.L., J Virol 70, 282-291, 1996.
Pogue-Geile K.L. and Spear P.G., Virology 157, 67-74, 1987.
RajcÏaÂni J., Sabo A., Mucha V., KosÏt'aÂl M., and Compel P., Acta Virol 39, 37-49, 1995.
RajcÏaÂni J., Vojvodova A., Matis J., KuÂdelova M., DraguÂnÏova J., and ZelniÂk V., Virus Res 43, 33-43, 1996.
RajcÏaÂni J., Vojvodova A., Acta Virol 42, 103-118, 1998.
Randazzo B.P., Kucharczuk J.C., Littzky L.A., Brown S.M., MacLean A., Albelda S.M., Fraser N.W., Virology 223, 392-395, 1996.
Ramaswamy R. and Holland T.C., Virology 186, 579-587, 1992.
Romanelli M.G., Cattozzo E.M., Faggioli L., and Tognon M.J., J Gen Virol 72, 1991-1995, 1991.
Roizman B. and Sears A.E., in Fields, B.N., Knipe M.P., Channock R.M., Hirsch M., Melnick J.L., Monath T.P., and Roizman B. (eds) Field's Virology vol. II, Raven Press, New York, N.Y., 1996, pp. 2222-2232.
Rosen A. and Darai G., Med Microbiol Immunol 173, 329-343, 1995a.
Rosen A., Gelderblom H., and Darai G., Med Microbiol Immunol 173, 257-278, 1995b.
Ruyechan W.T., Morse L.S., Knipe D., and Roizman B., J Virol 29, 677-697, 1979.
Saharkiz-Langroodi A. and Holland T.C., Virology 227, 153-157, 1997.
Stannard L.M., Himmelhoch S., and Wynchak S., Arch Virol 141, 505-524, 1995.
Tognon M., Guandalini R., Romanelli M.G., Manservigi R., and Tresani B., Virus Res 18, 135-150, 1990.
Walev I., Weise K, and Falke D., J Gen Virol 72, 1377-1382, 1991.
Ward P.L., Campadelli-Fiume G., Avitabile E., and Roizman B., J Virol 68, 7406-7417, 1994.
Weise K., Kaerner H.C., Glorioso J., and Schroder C.H., J Gen Virol 68, 1909-1919, 1987.
Whealy M.E., Card J.P., Meade R.P., Robbins A.K., and Enquist L.W., J Virol 65, 1066-1081, 1991.
Yamashita Y., Yamada M., Daikoku T., Tadauchi A., Tsurumi T., and Nishiyama Y., Virology 225, 216-222, 1996.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rajčáni, J., Kúdelová, M. Glycoprotein K of Herpes Simplex Virus: A Transmembrane Protein Encoded by the UL53 Gene which Regulates Membrane Fusion. Virus Genes 18, 81–90 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008025520655
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008025520655