Abstract
A tsetse control campaign was started in January 1991 using a synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin 'pour-on' applied monthly to cattle exposed to high levels of drug-resistant trypanosomes in the Ghibe valley of southwest Ethiopia. In December 1992, a cost-recovery scheme was introduced, and thereafter farmers paid for treatment. An average of 100 village Ethiopian Highland Zebu cattle were monitored monthly from March 1986 to February 1997. Individual animals in this herd were treated with diminazene aceturate (Berenil, Hoechst, Germany) at 3.5 mg/kg when trypanosomes were detected and their packed cell volume was less than 26%. Superimposed on this systematic trypanocidal chemotherapy, control of tsetse resulted in average reductions from 1992 to 1996 of 95% and 75% in the mean relative densities of tsetse and biting flies, respectively, and of 63% in the prevalence of trypanosomal infections in cattle. Despite these reductions, there was no significant increase in the body weight of the cows, calving rate or the mean body weight of calves at 12 months of age. There was, however, an average decrease of 57% in calf mortality (including still births) by 12 months of age, an increase of 49% in the ratio of live calves under 12 months of age to cows over 36 months of age, and an increase of 8% in the body weight of adult males.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Ahmedin Jemal and Hugh-Jones, M.E., 1995. —Association of tsetse control with health and productivity of cattle in the Didessa Valley, western Ethiopia. Preventive VeterinaryMedicine, 22, 29–40
Codija, V., Woudyalew Mulatu, Majiwa, P.A.O., Leak, S.G.A., Rowlands, G.J., Authië, E., d'Ieteren, G.D.M. and Peregrine, A.S., 1993. —Epidemiology of bovine trypanosomiasis in the Ghibe Valley, southwest Ethiopia. 3. Occurrence of populations of Trypanosoma congolense resistant to diminazene, isometamidium and homidium. Acta Tropica, 53, 151–163
Fox, R.G.R., Mmbando, S.O., Fox, M.S. and Wilson, A., 1993. —Effect on herd health and productivity of controlling tsetse and trypanosomiasis by applying deltamethrin to cattle. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 25, 203–2
Harvey, W.R., 1990. User's Guide for Least-Squares and Maximum Likelihood Computer Program, (Ohio State University, Columbus, OH)
Kristjanson, P.M., Swallow, B.M., Rowlands, G.J., Kruska, R.L. and de Leeuw, P.N., 1999. —Measuring the costs of African animal trypanosomosis, the potential bene¢ts of control and returns to research. Agricultural Systems, 59, 79–98
Leak, S.G.A., Woudyalew Mulatu, Rowlands, G.J. and d'Ieteren, G.D.M., 1995. —A trial of a cypermethrin pour-on insecticide to control Glossina pallidipes, G. fuscipes fuscipes and G. morsitans submorsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae) in southwest Ethiopia. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 85, 241–251
Murray, M., Murray, P.K. and McIntyre, W.I.M., 1977. —An improved parasitological technique for the diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 71, 325–3
Payne, R.W., Lane, P.W., Ainsley, A.E., Bricknell, K.E., Digby, P.G.N., Harding, S.A., Leech, P.K., Simpson, H.R., Todd, A.D., Verrier, P.J., White, R.P., Gower, J.C. and Tunnicli¡e Wilson, G., 1993. Genstat 5 Release 3 Reference Manual, (Clarendon Press, Oxford)
Rowlands, G.J., 1995. —Statistical evaluation of impacts of animal health interventions in livestock productivity. In: E.A. Goodall (ed.), Proceedings of Society of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Reading, UK, 1995, pp. 64–73
Rowlands, G.J., 1997. —Statistical issues in the design and analysis of animal health interventions for vector-borne diseases. In: Proceedings of Fifth Scienti¢c Meeting of the East, Central and Southern Africa Network of the International Biometric Society, Mombasa, Kenya, 1997, pp. 120–126
Rowlands, G.J., Woudyalew Mulatu, Leak, S.G.A., Authië, E., d'Ieteren, G.D.M., Nagda, S.M. and Peregrine, A.S., 1993. —Epidemiology of bovine trypanosomiasis in the Ghibe valley, southwest Ethiopia. 2. Factors associated with variations in trypanosome prevalence, incidence of new infections and prevalence of recurrent infections. Acta Tropica, 53, 135–150
Rowlands, G.J., Woudyalew Mulatu, Authië, E., d'Ieteren, G.D.M., Leak, S.G.A. and Nagda, S.M., 1994a. —Effects of trypanosomiasis on growth and mortality of young East African Zebu cattle exposed to drug-resistant trypanosomes. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 21, 87–1
Rowlands, G.J., Woudyalew Mulatu, Authië, E., d'Ieteren, G.D.M., Leak, S.G.A. and Nagda, S.M., 1994b. —Effects of trypanosomiasis on reproduction of East African Zebu cows exposed to drug-resistant trypanosomes. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 21, 237–249
Rowlands, G.J., d'Ieteren, G.D.M., Coulibaly, L., Hecker, P.A. and Leak, S.G.A., 1996. —Assessment of effect of tsetse control on livestock productivity-a case study in northern Cĉ te d'Ivoire. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 28, 17–
Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran,W.G., 1980. Statistical Methods, (Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA) Swallow, B.M., 1995. —Tsetse: Ethiopian success. African Farming, (July/August), 21
Swallow, B.M., Woudyalew Mulatu and Leak, S.G.A., 1995. —Potential demand for a mixed public-private animal health input: evaluation of a pour-on insecticide for controlling tsetse-transmitted trypanoso-miasis in Ethiopia. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 24, 266–275
Woudyalew Mulatu, Swallow, B.M., Rowlands, G.J., Leak, S.G.A., d'Ieteren, G. and Nagda, S.M., 1999. —Economic bene¢ts to farmers of six years of application of an insecticidal 'pour-on' to control tsetse in Ghibe, southwest Ethiopia. In: Proceedings of 24th Meeting of the International Scienti¢c Council for Trypanosomiasis Research and Control, Maputo, Mozambique, 1997, (OAU/STRC, Nairobi, Kenya) (in press)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rowlands, G., Mulatu, W., Leak, S. et al. Estimating the Effects of Tsetse Control on Livestock Productivity – A Case Study in Southwest Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production 31, 279–294 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005251722797
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005251722797