Abstract
Aqueous titanate sols were prepared by reactions of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TIP) with α-hydroxycarboxylic acids in water. IR and Raman spectra, and elemental analyses of the precipitates obtained from the sols revealed that the carboxylates were chelated to titanium but the Ti species were polymerized to form a cluster that had a colloidal nature. Spin-coating of titania (TiO2) thin films from these sols was also examined. Interestingly, it was found that (004) preferentially oriented anatase films with refractive index of 2.54 were obtained from TIP-lactic acid-NH3 (1:1:1, molar ratio) aqueous sol. This crystallographic orientation was characteristic of the TIP-lactic acid-NH3 (1:1:1) system, and was not affected by the kinds of substrates used and the heating rate of the film. TEM observation indicated that small anatase grains had already formed at 200°C. Therefore, the crystallographic orientation might depend strongly on the structure of the chemical species of the precursor solutions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
T. Watanabe, S. Fukayama, M. Miyauchi, A. Fujishima, and K. Hashimoto, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 19, 71 (2000).
Y. Takahashi, A. Osugi, T. Arafuka, T. Ohya, T. Ban, and Y. Ohya, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 17, 227 (2000).
T. Ohya, A. Nakayama, Y. Shibata, T. Ban, Y. Ohya, and Y. Takahashi, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 26, 799–802 (2003).
J.C. Bailar, H.J. Emeleus, R. Nyholm, and A.F. Trotman-Dickenson, Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry (Pergamon, Oxford, 1973), vol. 3, p. 376.
H. Okuno, A. Miyata, H. Nojima, H. Fujisawa, M. Shimizu, and H. Niu, Abstracts of Annual Meeting of JSAP (Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2000), p. 582.
Y. Ohya, H. Saiki, T. Tanaka, and Y. Takahashi, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 79, 825 (1996).
A.E. Martell and R.M. Smith, Critical Stability Constants, Other Organic Ligands (Plenum, NY, 1977), vol. 3, pp. 1–161.
N.A. Lange, in Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, edited by J. A. Dean (McGraw-Hill, Inc., NY, 1985).
G.M.H. Van De Velde, S. Harkema, and P.J. Gellings, Inorg. Chim. Acta 11, 243 (1974).
T. Ohya, A. Nakayama, T. Ban, Y. Ohya, and Y. Takahashi, Chem. Mater. 14, 3082 (2002).
K. Kato, Y. Torii, H. Taoda, T. Kato, Y. Butsugan, and K. Niihara, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 15, 913 (1996).
K. Kato and A. Tsuge, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 79, 1483 (1996).
G.M.H. Van De Velde, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 39, 1357 (1977).
D.B. Hagan, F.J. Leng, P.M. Smith, M. Snow, and A. Watson, International Journal of Cosmetic Science 19, 271 (1997).
S. Baskaran, L. Song, J. Liu, Y.L. Chen, and G.L. Graff, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 81, 401 (1998).
T. Awatani, K.D. Dobson, A.J. McQuillan, B. Ohtani, and K. Uosaki, Chem. Lett. 849 (1998).
H. Möckel, M. Giersig, and F. Willig, J. Mater. Chem. 9, 3051 (1999).
M. Kakihana, M. Tada, M. Shiro, V. Petrykin, M. Osada, and Y. Nakamura, Inorg. Chem. 40, 891 (2000).
Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho, JP54098716.
Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho, JP2000290533.
M. Dakanali, E.T. Kefalas, C.P. Raptopoulou, A. Terzis, G. Voyiatzis, L. Kyrikou, T. Mavromoustakos, and A. Salifoglou, Inorg. Chem. 42, 4632 (2003).
K. Koumoto, S. Seo, T. Sugiyama, W.S. Seo, and W.J. Dressick, Chem. Mater. 11, 2305 (1999).
Y. Ohya, J. Mishina, T. Matsuda, T. Ban, and Y. Takahashi, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82(10), 2601 (1999).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ohya, T., Ito, M., Yamada, K. et al. Aqueous Titanate Sols from Ti Alkoxide-α-Hydroxycarboxylic Acid System and Preparation of Titania Films from the Sols. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 30, 71–81 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JSST.0000034694.61859.78
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JSST.0000034694.61859.78