Skip to main content
Log in

Tele-Presence in Populated Exhibitions Through Web-Operated Mobile Robots

  • Published:
Autonomous Robots Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents techniques that facilitate mobile robots to be deployed as interactive agents in populated environments such as museum exhibitions or trade shows. The mobile robots can be tele-operated over the Internet and, this way, provide remote access to distant users. Throughout this paper we describe several key techniques that have been developed in this context. To support safe and reliable robot navigation, techniques for environment mapping, robot localization, obstacle detection and people-tracking have been developed. To support the interaction of both web and on-site visitors with the robot and its environment, appropriate software and hardware interfaces have been employed. By using advanced navigation capabilities and appropriate authoring tools, the time required for installing a robotic tour-guide in a museum or a trade fair has been drastically reduced. The developed robotic systems have been thoroughly tested and validated in the real-world conditions offered in the premises of various sites. Such demonstrations ascertain the functionality of the employed techniques, establish the reliability of the complete systems, and provide useful evidence regarding the acceptance of tele-operated robotic tour-guides by the broader public.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arras, K.O. and Vestli, S.J. 1998. Hybrid, high-precision localisation for the mail distributing mobile robot system MOPS. In Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Automation (ICRA).

  • Asoh, H., Hayamizu, S., Hara, I., Motomura, Y., Akaho, S., and Matsui, T. 1997. Socially embedded learning of office-conversant robot jijo-2. In Proceedings of IJCAI-97, IJCAI, Inc.

  • Baltzakis, H., Argyros, A., and Trahanias, P. 2002. Fusion of range and visual data for the extraction of scene structure information. In Intl. Conf. on Pattern Recognition (ICPR).

  • Baltzakis, H. and Trahanias, P. 2002. Hybrid mobile robot localization using switching state-space models. In Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Automation (ICRA).

  • Baltzakis, H. and Trahanias, P. 2002. An iterative approach for building feature maps in cyclic environments. In Proc. of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS).

  • Burgard, W., Cremers, A.B., Fox, D., Hähnel, D., Lakemeyer, G., Schulz, D., Steiner, W., and Thrun, S. 1999. Experiences with an interactive museum tour-guide robot. Artificial Intelligence, 114:(1/2).

  • Burgard, W., Fox, D., Jans, H., Matenar, C., and Thrun, S. 1999. Sonar-based mapping with mobile robots using EM. In Proc. of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML).

  • Burgard, W. and Schulz, D. 2001. Robust visualization for web-based control of mobile robots. In Robots on the Web: Physical Interaction Through the Internet, K. Goldberg and R. Siegwart (Eds.), MIT-Press.

  • Castellanos, J.A., Montiel, J.M.M., Neira, J., and Tardós, J.D. 1999. The SPmap: A probabilistic framework for simultaneous localization and map building. In IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 15(5):948–953.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, I.J. 1993. A review of statistical data association techniques for motion correspondence. International Journal of Computer Vision, 10(1):53–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dempster, A., Laird, N., and Rubin, D. 1977. Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. J. R. Statist. Soc. B, 39:185–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Endres, H., Feiten, W., and Lawitzky, G. 1998. Field test of a navigation system: Autonomous cleaning in supermarkets. In Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Automation (ICRA).

  • Foka, A. and Trahanias, P. 2002. Predictive autonomous robot navigation. In Proc. of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS).

  • Fox, D., Burgard, W., Kruppa, H., and Thrun, S. 2000. Aprobabilistic approach to collaborative multi-robot localization. Autonomous Robots, 8(3).

  • Frese, U. and Hirzinger, G. 2001. Simultaneous localization and mapping—a discussion. IJCAI01 Workshop Reasoning with Uncertainty in Robotics, Seatle, Washington, USA.

  • Goldberg, K., Gentner, S., Sutter, C., Wiegley, J., and Farzin, B. 2002. The mercury project: A feasibility study for online robots. In Beyond Webcams: An Introduction to Online Robots, K. Goldberg and R. Siegwart (Eds.), MIT Press.

  • Goldberg, K., Santarromana, J., Bekey, G., Gentner, S., Morris, R., Wiegley, J., and Berger, E. 1995. The telegarden. In Proc. of ACM SIGGRAPH.

  • Gordon, N.J., Salmond, D.J., and Smith, A.F.M. 1993. A novel approach to nonlinear/non-Gaussian Bayesian state estimation. IEE Proceedings F, 140(2):107–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutmann, J.-S. and Konolige, K. 1999. Incremental mapping of large cyclic environments. In Proc. of the IEEE Int. Symp. on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation (CIRA).

  • Hähnel, D., Burgard, W., and Thrun, S. 2001. Learning compact 3d models of indoor and outdoor environments with a mobile robot. In Fourth European Workshop on Advanced Mobile Robots (EUROBOT'01).

  • Hähnel, D., Schulz, D., and Burgard, W. 2002. Map building with mobile robots in populated environments. In Proc. of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS).

  • Hirukawa, H., Hara, I., and Hori, T. 2002. Online robots. In Beyond Webcams: An Introduction to Online Robots, K. Goldberg and R. Siegwart (Eds.), MIT Press

  • King, S. and Weiman, C. 1990. Helpmate autonomous mobile robot navigation system. In Proc. of the SPIE Conference on Mobile Robots, pp. 190–198.

  • Lu, F. and Milios, E. 1997. Globally consistent range scan alignment for environment mapping. Autonomous Robots, 4:333–349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michael, T.S. and Quint, T. 1994. Sphere of influence graphs in general metric spaces. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 29:45–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moravec, H.P. and Elfes, A.E. 1985. High resolution maps from wide angle sonar. In Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Automation (ICRA), pp. 116–121.

  • Nourbakhsh, I., Bobenage, J., Grange, S., Lutz, R., Meyer, R., and Soto, A. 1999. An affective mobile educator with a full-time job. Artificial Intelligence, 114:(1/2).

  • Pitt, M.K. and Shephard, N. 1999. Filtering via simulation: Auxiliary particle filters. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94:446.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rauch, H., Tung, F., and Striebel, C. 1965. Maximum likelihood estimates of linear dynamic systems. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal, 3(8):1445–1450.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez-Losada, D., Matia, F., Galan, R., and Jimenez, A. 2002. Blacky, an interactive mobile robot at a trade fair. In Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Automation (ICRA).

  • Schulz, D., Burgard, W., Fox, D., and Cremers, A.B. 2001. Tracking multiple moving objects with a mobile robot. In Proc. of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

  • Schulz, D., Burgard, W., Fox, D., Thrun, S., and Cremers, A.B. 2000. Web interfaces for mobile robots in public places. IEEE-Magazine on Robotics and Automation.

  • Simmons, R., Goodwin, R., Haigh, K., Koenig, S., and O'sullivan, J. 1997. A layered architecture for office delivery robots. In Proc. of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Agents).

  • Smith, R., Self, M., and Cheeseman, P., 1990. Estimating uncertain spatial relationships in robotics. In Autonomous Robot Vehicles, I.J. Cox and G.T. Wilfong (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, pp. 167–193.

  • Taylor, K. and Trevelyan, J. 1995. A telerobot on the World Wide Web. In Proceedings of the 1995 National Conference of the Australian Robot Association.

  • Thrun, S. 2001. A probabilistic online mapping algorithm for teams of mobile robots. Journal of Robotics Research, 20(5):335–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thrun, S. Beetz, M., Bennewitz, M., Burgard, W., Cremers, A.B., Dellaert, F., Fox, D., Hähnel, D., Rosenberg, C., Roy, N., Schulte, J., and Schulz, D. 2000. Probabilistic algorithms and the interactive museum tour-guide robot Minerva. Journal of Robotics Research, 19:11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thrun, S., Burgard, W., and Fox, D. 2000. A real-time algorithm for mobile robot mapping with applications to multi-robot and 3D mapping. In Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Automation (ICRA).

  • Wang, C.-C. and Thorpe, C. 2002. Simultaneous localization and mapping with detection and tracking of moving objects. In Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Automation (ICRA).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Burgard, W., Trahanias, P., Hähnel, D. et al. Tele-Presence in Populated Exhibitions Through Web-Operated Mobile Robots. Autonomous Robots 15, 299–316 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026272605502

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026272605502

Navigation