Skip to main content
Log in

Fear and Loathing in California: Contextual Threat and Political Sophistication Among Latino Voters

  • Published:
Political Behavior Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Environments having candidates or policies deemed threatening to an individual or group have previously been found to trigger feelings of anxiety that in turn motivate people to closely monitor political affairs. Racially charged ballot propositions, and the strong feelings they evoked, made California in the mid-1990s just such an environment for Latino citizens—resulting, we believe, in higher levels of political information. Using the Tomás Rivera Policy Institute's 1997 postelection survey of Hispanic citizens, we compare levels of political knowledge between naturalized and native-born Latino citizens in California and similarly situated Latino citizens in Texas. We find that, as a result of these highly publicized and controversial initiatives, Latino immigrants in California (a) are more likely than native-born Latinos and Latinos outside California to perceive racial issues as most important, and (b) manifest higher levels of political information than their fellow native-born Latinos and Latino citizens outside of California, controlling for other well-recognized predictors of political information levels.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Alvarez, Michael R. and Butterfield, Tara L. (2000). The resurgence of nativism in California? The case of Proposition 187 and illegal immigration. Social Science Quarterly 81: 167–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron, J. (1982). Personality and intelligence. In Robert J. Sterenberg (ed.), Handbook of Human Intelligence, pp. 308–351. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barreto, Matt A., and Woods, Nathan D. (2000). Voting Patterns and the Dramatic Growth of the Latino Electorate in Los Angeles County, 1994–1998. Claremont, CA: Tomas Rivera Policy Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, Linda L. M., and Bennett, Stephen Earl (1989). Enduring gender differences in political interest. American Politics Quarterly 17: 105–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, Stephen Earl (1988). Know-nothings revisited: the meaning of political ignorance today. Social Science Quarterly 69: 476–490.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, Stephen Earl (1989). Trends in Americans' political information, 1967–1987. American Politics Quarterly 17: 422–435.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berelson, Bernard R. (1952). Democratic theory and public opinion. Public Opinion Quarterly 16: 313–330.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binder, Norman E., Polinard, J. L. and Wrinkle, Robert D. (1997). Mexican American and Anglo Attitudes toward Immigration Reform: A View From the Border. Social Science Quarterly 78: 324–337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, Angus, Converse, Philip E., Miller, Warren E., and Stokes, Donald E. (1960). The American Voter. New York: John Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campione, Joseph C., Brown, Ann L. and Bryant, Nancy R. (1985). Individual differences in learning and memory. In Robert J. Sternberg (ed.), Human Abilities: An Information Processing Approach, pp. 103–126. New York: W. H. Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Converse, Philip E. (1964). The nature of belief systems in mass publics. In David E. Apter (ed.), Ideology and Discontent, pp. 206–261. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • de la Garza, Rodolfo O., DeSipio, Louis, Garcia, F. Chris, Garcia, John A., and Falcon, Angelo (1992). Latino Voices: Mexican, Puerto Rican and Cuban Perspectives on American Politics. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • de la Garza, Rodolfo O., Polinard, Jerry L., Wrinkle, Robert D., and Longoria, Tomas (1991). Understanding intra-ethnic variations: Mexican origin population views of immigration. Social Science Quarterly 72: 379–387.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delli Carpini, Micheal X., and Keeter, Scott (1996). What Americans Know About Politics and Why It Matters. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derryberry, Douglas (1991). The immediate effects of positive and negative feedback signals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 61(2): 267–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeSipio, Louis (1996). Making citizens or good citizens? Naturalization as a predictor of organizational and electoral behavior among Latino immigrants Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 18(May): 194–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraga, Luis Ricardo, and Ramirez, Ricardo (2001). Latinos as a swing vote in 2000? Testing the California trend. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Western Political Science Association, Las Vegas, NV, March 15–17.

  • Giles, Michael W., and Evans, Arthur (1986). The power approach to inter-group hostility. Journal of Conflict Resolution 30: 460–485.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giles, Michael W,. and Hertz, Kaenan (1994). Racial threat and partisan identification. The American Political Science Review 88: 317–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, Stacy B., and Segura, Gary M. (1997). Cross-national variation in the political sophistication of individuals: capability or choice? Journal of Politics 59: 126–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hero, Rodney E., and Tolbert, Caroline J. (1996). A racial/ethnic diversity interpretation of politics and policy in the states of the U.S. American Journal of Political Science 40(3): 851–871.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hood, M. V., and Morris, Irwin L. (2000). Brother, can you spare a dime? Racial/ ethnic context and the Anglo vote on Proposition 187. Social Science Quarterly 81: 194–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huckfeldt, R. Robert (1979). Political participation and neighborhood social context. American Journal of Political Science 23(3): 579–592.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huckfeldt, R. Robert, and Sprague, John (1988). Choice, social structure, and political information: the information coercion of minorities. American Journal of Political Science 32(2): 467–482.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivins, Molly, and Dubose, Lou (2000). Shrub: The Short but Happy Political Life of George W. Bush. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Key, V. O., Jr. (1949). Southern Politics—In State and Nation. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luskin, Robert (1990). Explaining political sophistication. Political Behavior 12: 331–361.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcus, George E., and Mackuen, Michael (1993). Anxiety, enthusiasm, and the vote: the emotional underpinnings of learning and involvement during presidential campaigns. American Political Science Review 87: 672–685.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcus, George E., Neuman, W. Russell, and Mackuen, Michael (2000). Affective Intelligence and Political Judgment. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, Arthur H., Miller, Warren E., Reine, Alden S. and Brown, Thad A (1976). A majority party in disarray: political polarization in the 1972 election. American Political Science Review 70: 753–778.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, Lawrence W., Polinard, Jerry L., and Wrinkle, Robert D. (1984). Attitudes toward undocumented workers: the Mexican American perspective. Social Science Quarterly 65: 482–494.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, Warren E., and Levitin, Theresa E. (1976). Leadership and Change: The New Politics and the American Electorate. Cambridge, MA: Winthrop.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, Irwin L. (2000). African American voting on Proposition 187: rethinking the prevalence of inter-minority conflict. Political Research Quarterly 53: 77–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neuman, Russell W. (1986). The Paradox of Mass Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newton, Lina Y. (2000). Why some Latinos supported Proposition 187: testing economic threat and cultural identity hypotheses. Social Science Quarterly 81: 180–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nie, Norman H., and Anderson, Kristi (1974). Mass belief systems revisited: political change and attitude structure. Journal of Politics 36: 541–591.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nie, Norman H, Verba, Sidney, and Petrocik, John R. (1979). The Changing American Voter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pachon, Harry, and DeSipio, Louis (1994). New Americans By Choice, Political Perspectives of Latino Immigrants. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pantoja, Adrian D., Ramirez, Ricardo, and Segura, Gary M. (2001). Citizens by choice, voters by necessity: Patterns in political mobilization by naturalized Latinos. Political Research Quarterly 54(4): 729–750.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratto, Felicia, and John, Oliver P. (1991). Automatic vigilance: the attention-grabbing power of negative social information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 61(3): 380–391.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radcliff, Benjamin and Saiz, Martin (1995). Race, turnout, and public Policy in the American states. Political Research Quarterly 48: 775–793.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sears, David O., and Valentino, Nicholas A. (1997). Politics matters: political events as catalysts for preadult socialization. American Political Science Review 91: 45–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Segura, Gary M., Falcon, Dennis, and Pachon, Harry (1997). Dynamics of Latino partisanship in California: Immigration, issue salience, and their implications. Harvard Journal of Hispanic Politics 10: 62–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, Daron, de la Garza, Rodolfo, and Lee, Jongho (2000). Examining Latino turnout in 1996: a three-state, validate survey approach. American Journal of Political Science 44: 338–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, John L., Piereson, James E., and Marcus, George E. (1982). Political Tolerance and American Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tolbert, Caroline J., and Hero, Rodney (1996). Race/ethnicity and direct democracy: an analysis of California's illegal immigration initiative. Journal of Politics 58: 806–818.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaller, John R. (1992). The Nature and Origin of Mass Opinion. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pantoja, A.D., Segura, G.M. Fear and Loathing in California: Contextual Threat and Political Sophistication Among Latino Voters. Political Behavior 25, 265–286 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025119724207

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025119724207

Navigation