Abstract
Catalytic activity of supported Pd metal catalysts (Pd metal deposited on carbon, alumina, gallia, ceria or thoria) showing almost no activity in the liquid-phase direct oxidation of H2 to H2O2 (at 295 K) in acidic medium (0.02 M H2SO4) can be increased drastically by oxidizing them using different oxidizing agents, such as perchloric acid, H2O2, N2O and air. In the case of the Pd/carbon (or alumina) catalyst, perchloric acid was found to be the most effective oxidizing agent. The order of the H2-to-H2O2 conversion activity for the perchloric-acid-oxidized Pd/carbon (or alumina) and air-oxidized other metal oxide supported Pd catalysts is as follows: Pd/alumina < Pd/carbon < Pd/CeO2 < Pd/ThO2 < Pd/Ga2O3. The H2 oxidation involves lattice oxygen from the oxidized catalysts. The catalyst activation results mostly from the oxidation of Pd metal from the catalyst producing bulk or sub-surface PdO. It also caused a drastic reduction in the H2O2 decomposition activity of the catalysts. There exists a close relationship between the H2-to-H2O2 conversion activity and/or H2O2 selectivity in the oxidation process and the H2O2 decomposition activity of the catalysts; the higher the H2O2 decomposition activity, the lower the H2-to-H2O2 conversion activity and/or H2O2 selectivity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R. Powell, in Hydrogen Peroxide Manufacture (Noyes Developmental Corporation, London, 1968).
C.W. Jones, in: Application of Hydrogen Peroxide and Derivatives (Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1999).
G. Goor, W. Kunkel and O. Weiberg, in: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Vol. A13, eds. B. Elvers, S. Howkins, M. Ravenscroft and G. Schulz (VCH, Weinheim, 1989) p. 443.
M.G. Clerici and P. Ingallina, Catal. Today 41 (1998) 351.
L.W. Gosser (Du Pont), US 4,681,751 (1987). (b) L.W. Gosser and M.A. Paoli (Du Pont), US 5,135,731 (1992). (c) L.W. Gosser and J.-A.T. Schwartz (Du Pont), US 4,832,938 (1989). (d) M. Kawakami, Y. Ishiuchi, H. Nagashima, T. Tomita and Y. Hiramastu (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co.), US 5,399,334 (1995). (e) W.F. Brill (Halcon SD Group), US 4,661,337 (1987). (f) H. Nagashima, T. Kato, M. Kawakami and N. Takagi (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co.), JP 09301705 A2 (1997). (g) J. Wanngard (Eka Chemicals AB), EP 816286 A1 (1998). (h) S.P. Webb and J.A. McIntyre (Dow Chemicals Co), US 5,800,796 (1998).
L. Fu, K.T. Chuang and R. Fiedorow, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 72 (1992) 33.
V.V. Krishanan, A.G. Alexandre and M.E. Thompson, J. Catal. 196 (2000) 366.
V.R. Choudhary, A.G. Gaikwad and S.D. Sansare, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 40 (2001) 1776.
V.R. Choudhary, M.G. Parande and P.H. Brahme, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 21 (1982) 472.
G.D. Zakumaeva and S.V. Artamonov, React. Kinet. Catal. Lett. 10 (1979) 183.
Y.-H. Chin and D.E. Resasco, in: Catalysis, Vol. 14 (The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1999) p. 1.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Choudhary, V.R., Gaikwad, A.G. & Sansare, S.D. Activation of Supported Pd Metal Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Hydrogen to Hydrogen Peroxide. Catalysis Letters 83, 235–239 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021066904862
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021066904862