Abstract
If the spatial curvature of the universe is positive, then the curvature term will always dominate at early enough times in a slow-rolling inflationary epoch. This enhances inflationary effects and hence puts limits on the possible number of e-foldings that can have occurred, independently of what happened before inflation began and in particular without regard for what may have happened in the Planck era. We use a simple multi-stage model to examine this limit as a function of the present density parameter Ω0 and the epoch when inflation ends.
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Ellis, G.F.R., Stoeger, W., McEwan, P. et al. Dynamics of Inflationary Universes with Positive Spatial Curvature. General Relativity and Gravitation 34, 1445–1459 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020087004012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020087004012