Abstract
The epidemiology of Botrytis cinerea was studied in five annual strawberry crops using waiting-bed transplants, a system widely adopted in the Netherlands. On dead leaves of transplants the incidence of B. cinerea varied from 26.7% to 52.6%, but the leaf area with potential sporulation was low (3.5–15.6%). During each crop cycle, the availability of necrotic leaf substrate for spore production of B. cinerea was generally low and varied between seasons and with the quality of transplants. B. cinerea sporulated on a maximum of 15.5 cm2 of leaf area per plant, measured as potential sporulation. The aerial concentration of B. cinerea conidia in untreated plots did not differ from the concentration in plots where all dead leaves had been removed, nor from the concentration at 25–50 m distance from the strawberry plots. B. cinerea incidence on flowers ranged from 5% to 96%, but no correlation was found with the potential spore production on necrotic leaves. Grey mould at harvest varied from 1.4% to 11.3% and was correlated with the average precipitation during the harvesting period but not with B. cinerea incidence on flowers. Post-harvest grey mould ranged from 2.1% to 32.6% and was correlated with petal colonisation by B. cinerea. The results suggest that in the annual cropping system with waiting-bed transplants, necrotic leaves are not a significant source of B. cinerea inoculum, unlike in other strawberry production systems. Therefore, control measures of grey mould in this annual system should focus on protection of flowers and young developing fruits, and not on the reduction of inoculum production on leaf debris.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Boff P (2001) Epidemiology and biological control of grey mould in annual strawberry crops. PhD Thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
Braun PG and Sutton JC (1987) Inoculum sources of Botrytis cinerea in fruit rot of strawberries in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 9: 1-5
Braun PG and Sutton JC (1988) Infection cycles and population dynamics of Botrytis cinerea in strawberry leaves. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 10: 133-141
Bulger MA, Ellis MA and Madden LV (1987) Influence of temperature and wetness duration on infection of strawberry flowers by Botrytis cinerea and disease incidence on fruit originating from infected flowers. Phytopathology 77: 1225-1230
Galletta GJ and Bringhurst RS (1990) Strawberry management. In: Galletta GJ and Himelrich DG (eds) Small Fruit Crop Management (pp 83-156) Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey, USA
Hennebert GL (1973) Botrytis and Botrytis-like genera. Persoonia 7: 183-204
Jarvis WR (1962a) The infection of strawberry and raspberry fruits by Botrytis cinerea Fr. Annals of Applied Biology 50: 569-575
Jarvis WR (1962b) The dispersal of spores of Botrytis cinerea Fr. in a raspberry plantation. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 45: 549-559
Jarvis WR (1964) The effect of some climatic factors on the incidence of grey mould of strawberry and raspberry fruit. Horticultural Research 3: 65-71
Jarvis WR (1980) Epidemiology. In: Coley-Smith JR, Verhoeff K and Jarvis WR (eds) The Biology of Botrytis (pp 219-250) Acad. Press, London, UK
Jarvis WR and Borecka H (1968) The susceptibility of strawberry flowers to infection by Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. Horticultural Research 8: 147-154
Jordan VWL (1978) Epidemiologie und Bekämpfung des Grauschimmels (Botrytis cinerea) an Erdbeeren. Pflanzenschutz Nachrichten Bayer 31: 1-10
Jordan VWL and Pappas AC (1977) Inoculum suppression and control of strawberry Botrytis. In: Proceedings 1977 British Crop Protection Conference - Pest and Diseases, pp 341-348, Brighton, UK
Köhl J, Molhoek WML, van der Plas CH and Fokkema NJ (1995) Effect of Ulocladium atrum and other antagonists on sporulation of Botrytis cinerea on dead lily exposed to field conditions. Phytopathology 85: 393-401
Powell D (1952) The effect of early spring fungicides on Botytis cinerea. Plant Disease Reporter 36: 97-98
Powelson RL (1960) Initiation of strawberry fruit rot caused by Botrytis cinerea. Phytopathology 50: 491-494
Rosati P (1991) The strawberry in Europe. In: Dale A and Luby JJ eds) The Strawberry into the 21st Century (pp 27-35) Timber Press, Oregon, USA
Sampling Technologies, Inc. (1989) Operating instructions for the Rotorod sampler. California, USA
Snedecor GW and Cochran WG (1989) Statistical methods. Iowa State Univ. Press, 8th edn, Iowa, USA
Sosa-Alvarez M, Madden LV and Ellis MA (1995) Effects of temperature and wetness duration on sporulation of Botrytis cinerea on strawberry leaf residues. Plant Disease 79: 609-615
Sutton JC, James TDW and Dale A (1988) Harvesting and bedding practices in relation to grey mould of strawberry. Annals of Applied Biology 113: 167-175
Sutton JC and Peng G (1993) Biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea in strawberry leaves. Phytopathology 83: 615-621
Wilcox WR and Seem RC (1994) Relationship between strawberry gray mold incidence, environmental variables, and fungicide applications during different periods of the fruiting season. Phytopathology 84: 264-270
Xu XM, Harris DC and Berrie AM (2000) Modelling infection of strawberry flowers by Botrytis cinerea using field data. Phytopathology 90: 1367-1374
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Boff, P., Kastelein, P., de Kraker, J. et al. Epidemiology of Grey Mould in Annual Waiting-bed Production of Strawberry. European Journal of Plant Pathology 107, 615–624 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017932927503
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017932927503