Abstract
Active object oriented database management systems (AODBMS) are finding increasing application in different application domains and especially for cooperative and long duration activity management. In this paper, we propose a concurrency control mechanism for open nested transactions in an AODBMS. It exploits the semantics of the transactions to achieve controlled cooperation and concurrency among the transactions. Atomic AODBMS transactions are treated as base transactions. A complex transaction type is formed from a collection of base and complex transactions, a set of detached mode ECA rules and a state transition model. The cooperation semantics of a complex transaction type with other complex transaction types is specified by associating with each state of a complex transaction, a set of cooperating complex transaction types. The abort semantics of a complex transaction type is specified by means of compensating base transactions. We define a correct class of schedule called CoopComp-schedule which satisfies the state transition semantics of the individual complex transactions and also maintains the cooperation and compensation semantics of the individual complex transactions within the generated schedule. A concurrency control scheme called NP-QuadLock for generating only CoopComp-schedules has been provided. The proof of correctness of the proposed concurrency control mechanism is also given.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
T. Atwood, J. Duhl, G. Ferran, and M. Loomis, Object Database Standard: ODMG-93, Kauffman: San Mateo, Callifornia, 1993.
P. Bernstein, V. Hadzilacos, and N. Goodman, Concurrency Control and Recovery in Database Systems, Addison Wesley, 1987.
A.P. Buchmann, H. Branding, T. Kudrass, and J. Zimmerman, “Rules in an open system: The REACH rule system,” in Rules in Database System, N. Paton and M. Williams (Eds.), Workshop in Computing, Springer, 1993.
A. Buchmann, J. Zimmerman, J. Blakey, and D. Wells, “Building and integrated active object oriented database management system: Requirements, architecture and design decisionss,” in Proc. of 11th Intl. Conf. on Data Engineering, 1995.
C. Bussler and S. Jablonski, “Implementing agent coordination for workflow management systems using active database system,” in IEEE RIDE 4th Int'l. Workshop in Research in Issues in Data Engineering, IEEE Press, 1994, pp. 53-61.
S. Chakravarty, E. Karlapalem, S.B. Navathe, and A. Tanaka, “Database supported cooperative problem solving,” University of Florida, Gainsvelle, Tech. Report UF-CIS-TR-92-046, December 1992.
S. Chakravarthy, V. Krishnaprasad, Z. Tamizuddin, and R.H. Badani, “ECA rule integration into and OODBMS: Architecture and implementation,” Dept. of C.I.S., Univ. of Florida, Guinesville, Canada, Tech. Report UF-CIS-TR-94-023, 1994.
U. Dayal, “Active database management systems,” in Proc. 3rd Intl. Conf. of Data and Knowledge Bases, 1988, pp. 150-169.
U. Dayal, M. Hsu, and R. Ladin, “A transactional model for long running activities,” in Proc. 17th Int'l. Conf. on Very Large Data Bases, Barcelona, September 1991.
U. Dayal, M. Hsu, and R. Ladlin, “Organizing long running activities with triggers and transactions,” in Proc. ACM SIGMOD Int'l. Conf. on Management of Data, Atlantic City, May 1990.
N. Deo, Graph Theory with Applications to Engineering and Computer Science, Prentice Hall Inc.: New York, 1980.
A.A. Farrag and M.T. Ozsu, “Using semantic knowledge of transactions to increase concurrency,” ACM Transactions on Database Systems, vol. 14, pp. 503-525, 1989.
H. Garcia-Molina, D. Gawlick, J. Klein, K. Kleinser, and K. Salem, “Coordinating multi-transaction activities,” Dept. of Computer Science, Princeton University, Tech. Report CS-TR-247-90, February 1990.
H. Garcia-Molina and K. Salem, “SAGAS,” in Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, May 1987, pp. 249-259.
H. Garcia-Molina, D. Gawlick, J. Klein, K. Kleinser, and K. Salem, “Modeling long-running activities as nested sages,” Bulletin of the IEEE Technical Committee on Data Engineering, vol. 14, pp. 14-18, 1991.
N. Gehani and H.V. Jagadish, “Ode as an active database: Constraints and triggers,” in Proc. 17th Int'l. Conf. on Very Large Databases, Barcelona, September 1991.
M. Hsu, R. Ladin, and D. McCarthy, “An execution model for active database management systems,” in Proc. 3rd Intl. Conf. of Data and Knowledge Bases, June 1988, pp. 171-179.
R. Hull and D. Jacobs, “Language constructs for programming in active databases,” in Proc. 17th Int'l. Conf. on Very Large Data Bases, Barcelona, September 1991.
P. Kangsabanik, J. Konglathu, R. Mall, and A.K. Majumdar, “AODK: A client-server based active oriented database management systems,” in 4th International Conference on Advanced Computing (ADCOMP-96), McGraw-Hill, 1996.
H.F. Korth and G. Speegle, “Formal aspects of concurrency control in long-duration transaction systems-Using NT/PV model,” ACM Transactions on Database Systems, vol. 19, pp. 492-535, 1994.
J. Moss, “Nested transactions: An approach to reliable distributed computing,” in Proc. ACMSIGMOD Int'l. Conf. on Management of Data, Atlantic City, May 1990.
W. Naqvi and M.T. Ibrahim, “Rule and knowledge management in active databases,” in Rules in Database System, N. Paton and M. Williams (Eds.), Workshop in Computing, Springer, 1993, pp. 58-72.
C. Pu, G. Kaiser, and N. Hutchinson, “Split-transactions for open-ended activities,” in Proc. 14th Int'l. Conf. on Very Large Databases, September 1988, pp. 26-37.
B. Purimetla, R.M. Sivasankaran, and J.A. Stankovic, “A study of distributed real-time active database applications,” Univ. of Massachusetts, COINS Tech. Report 1993-010, 1993.
J. Widom, “A denotational semantics for the starburst production rule language,” ACM SIGMOD Record, vol. 21, 1992.
J. Widom and S. Finkelstein, “Set-oriented production rules in relational database systems,” in Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, May 1990, pp. 259-270.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kangsabanik, P., Mall, R. & Majumdar, A. Semantic Based Concurrency Control of Open Nested Transactions in Active Object Oriented Database Management Systems. Distributed and Parallel Databases 8, 181–222 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008789708118
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008789708118