Abstract
Pathogenic isolates were selected representing all known vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) and races of Fusarium oxysporum sensu lato from Dianthus spp. On basis of differences in the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA, six VCGs were classified as F. oxysporum f.sp. dianthi and four as F. redolens f.sp. dianthi. All VCGs of F. oxysporum f.sp. dianthi were characterized by unique restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), unique overall esterase profiles, and unique virulence spectra, supporting a clonal lineage concept. Two VCGs of F. oxysporum f.sp. dianthi nevertheless comprised more than one race, but races within the same VCG shared the same distinct overall virulence spectrum. VCGs belonging to F. redolens f.sp. dianthi also had unique RFLPs and unique virulence spectra, but had grossly identical esterase profiles. Three new races (9, 10 and 11) are described for F. oxysporum f.sp. dianthi, and four for F. redolens f.sp. dianthi. Two races previously considered lost were recovered; race 7 was identified as a member of VCG 0021 of F. oxysporum f.sp. dianthi while race 3 was identified as a distinct VCG and race of F. redolens f.sp. dianthi. A summary of races and VCGs in F. oxysporum f.sp. dianthi and F. redolens f.sp. dianthi is presented.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aloi C and Baayen RP (1993) Examination of the relationships between vegetative compatibility groups and races in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi. Plant Pathology 42: 839-850
Baayen RP, Elgersma DM, Demmink JF and Sparnaaij LD (1988) Differences in pathogenesis observed among susceptible interactions of carnation with four races of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 94: 81-94
Baayen RP and Gams W (1988) The Elegans fusaria causing wilt disease of carnation. I. Taxonomy. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 94: 273-278
Baayen RP and Kleijn J (1989) The Elegans fusaria causing wilt disease of carnation. II. Distinction of vegetative compatibility groups. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 95: 185-194
RP Baayen RM Schrama (1990) ArticleTitleComparison of five stem inoculation methods with respect to phytoalexin accumulation and Fusarium wilt development in carnation Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 96 315–320
Ben-Yephet Y, Reuven M, Lampel M, Nitzani Y and Mor Y (1992) Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi races in carnation. Phytoparasitica 20: 225
Bosland PW and Williams PH (1987) An evaluation of Fusarium oxysporum from crucifers based on pathogenicity, isozyme polymorphism, vegetative compatibility, and geographic origin. Canadian Journal of Botany 65: 2067-2073
Demmink JF, Baayen RP and Sparnaaij LD (1989) Evaluation of the virulence of races 1, 2 and 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi in carnation. Euphytica 42: 55-63
Elena K and Tjamos EC (1995) Vegetative compatibility groups of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi from plants and the rhizosphere of carnation in Greece. Plant Pathology 44: 148-152
Elias KS and Schneider RW (1992) Genetic diversity within and among races and vegetative compatibility groups of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici as determined by isozyme analysis. Phytopathology 82: 1421-1427
Elias KS, Zamir D, Lichtmann-Pleban T and Katan T (1993) Population structure of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici: restriction fragment length polymorphisms provide genetic evidence that vegetative compatibility group is an indicator of evolutionary origin. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 6: 565-572
Garibaldi A(1975) Race differentiation in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi (Prill. et Del.) Snyd. et Hans. First contribution. Mededelingen Fakulteit Landbouwwetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit Gent 40: 531-537
Garibaldi A (1979) Susceptibility of carnation to Italian isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi and Fusarium oxysporum var. redolens. In: Quagliotti L and Baldi A (eds), Proceedings of the Eucarpia Meeting on Carnation and Gerbera, Alassio 1978 (pp 141-148) University of Turin, Italy
Garibaldi A (1981) Ulteriori ricerche sulla specializzazione biologica di Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi (Prill. et Del.) Snyd. et Hans. Rivista della Ortoflorofrutticoltura Italiana 65: 353-358
Garibaldi A (1983) Resistenza di cultivar di garofano nei confronti di otto patotipi di Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi (Prill. et Del.) Snyd. et Hans. Rivista della Ortoflorofrutticoltura Italiana 67: 261-270
Garibaldi A, Lento G and Rossi G (1986) Il Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi in Liguria. Indagine sulla diffusione dei diversi patotipi nelle colture di garofano. Panorama Floricolo 11: 1-4
Gerlach Wand Nirenberg HI (1982) The genus Fusarium-a pictorial atlas. Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land-und Forstwirtschaft, Berlin-Dahlem 209: 1-406
Gerlach W and Pag H (1961) Fusarium redolens Wr., seine phytopathologische Bedeutung und eine an Dianthus-Arten gefäßparasitäre Form (F. redolens Wr. f. dianthi Gerlach). Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 42: 349-361
KalcWrightGF(1993)TheFusariumdisease complex of carnations. Ph.D. thesis, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 197 pp
KalcWright GF, Guest DI, Wimalajeewa DLS and Van Heeswijck R (1996) Characterisation of Fusarium oxysporum isolated from carnation based on pathogenicity, vegetative compatibility and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay. European Journal of Plant Pathology 102: 451-457
Katan T, Hadar E and Katan J (1989) Vegetative compatibility of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi fromcarnation in Israel. Plant Pathology 38: 376-381
Kerssies A, Everink A, Hornstra L and Van Telgen HJ (1994) Electrophoretic detection method for Fusarium oxysporum species in cyclamen and carnation by using isoenzymes. In: Schots A, Dewey FM, and Oliver RP (eds), Modern assays for plant pathogenic fungi. Identification, detection and quantification (pp 57-62) CAB International, Wallingford, Oxford, UK
Kistler HC, Bosland PW, Benny U, Leong S and Williams PH (1987) Relatedness of strains of Fusarium oxysporum from crucifers measured by examination ofmitochondrial and ribosomal DNA. Phytopathology 77: 1289-1293
Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227: 680-685
Manicom BQ and Baayen RP (1993) Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi and other fusaria from Dianthus species. Plant Pathology 42: 851-857
Manicom BQ, Bar-Joseph M, Kotze JM and Becker MM (1990) A restriction fragment length polymorphism probe relating vegetative compatibility groups and pathogenicity in Fusariumoxysporum f.sp. dianthi. Phytopathology 80: 336-339
ManicomBQ, Bar-Joseph M, Rosner A, Vigodsky-Haas H and Kotze JM (1987) Potential applications of random DNA probes and restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the taxonomy of the fusaria. Phytopathology 77: 669-672
Manulis S, Kogan N, Reuven M and Ben-Yephet Y (1994) Use of the RAPD technique for identification of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi from carnation. Phytopathology 84: 98-101
Migheli Q, Berio T, Gullino ML and Garibaldi A (1995) Electrophoretic karyotype variation among pathotypes of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi. Plant Pathology 44: 308-315
Migheli Q, Briatore E, Andrina M and Garibaldi A (1996) Physiological race determination in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi by RAPD-PCR. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium of the European Foundation for Plant Pathology: Diagnosis and Identification of Plant Pathogens, Bonn, 9-12 September 1996.Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, in press
Nelson PE, Toussoun TA and Marasas WFO (1983) Fusarium species. An illustrated manual for identification. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA, 193 pp
Nirenberg HI (1976) Untersuchungen über die morphologische und biologische Differenzierung in der Fusarium-sektion Liseola. Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land-und Forstwirtschaft, Berlin-Dahlem 169: 1-117
Payne RW, Lane RW et al. (1987). Genstat 5 reference manual. Clarendon Press, Oxford, England, 749 pp
Pomázi A, Tóth E and Hornok L (1991) Szegfúpathogén Fusarium oxysporum izolátumok azonosítáza vegetatív kompatibilitás alapján (Identification of Fusariumoxysporumisolates fromcarnation on the basis of vegetative compatibility).Növényvédelem 27: 245-249
Raeder U and Broda P (1985) Rapid preparation of DNA from filamentous fungi. Letters in Applied Microbiology 1: 17-20
Sokal RR and Rohlf FJ (1969) Biometry. The principles and practice of statistics in biological research. W.H. Freeman & Company, San Francisco, CA, USA
Waalwijk C and Baayen RP (1995) Identification of races of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi by DNA fingerprinting and vegetative compatibility. Bulletin OEPP / EPPO Bulletin 25: 117-124
Waalwijk C, Baayen RP, DeKoning JRAand GamsW(1996a) Ribosomal DNA analyses challenge the status of Fusarium sections Liseola and Elegans. Sydowia 48: 90-104
Waalwijk C, De Koning JRA, Baayen RP and Gams W(1996b) Discordant groupings of Fusariumspp. from sections Elegans, Liseola and Dlaminia based on ribosomal ITS1 and ITS2 sequences. Mycologia 88: 361-368
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S and Taylor J (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ and White TJ (eds), PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications (pp 315-322) Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA
Woudt LP, Neuvel A, Sikkema A, Van Grinsven MQJM, De Milliano WAJ, Campbell CL and Leslie JF (1995) Genetic variation in Fusarium oxysporum from cyclamen. Phytopathology 85: 1348-1355
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Baayen, R., van Dreven, F., Krijger, M. et al. Genetic diversity in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi and Fusarium redolens f.sp. dianthi. European Journal of Plant Pathology 103, 395–408 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008604416107
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008604416107