Abstract
A fish canning facility processes 1900–2000 tons of mackerel and sardine annually at arate of 10–15 tons per day for a total of 200 days yr-1. This factory generates an average of 20 m3 of industrial wastewaters per day. The objective of our study, which was carried out on a bimonthly basisfrom December 1995 to November 1996, was to determine the overall pollutant load associated with this effluent in relation to the applicable Egyptian Standards and to propose methods for pollutant load reduction before discharging it to the local sewer. The methods were to benefit through the recovery of wasted organic load and transform it into an environmentally safe residue amenable for either immediate reuse or final disposal thereafter. Five chemical coagulation/flocculation treatments were tried using ferric chloride, alum, lime, ferric chloride and lime, and alum and lime. The best method involved the use of FeCl3 and Ca(OH)2 (0.4 g Fe L-1 and 0.2 g Ca L-1, respectively) which reduced the average influent BOD5 from 989 to 204 mg L-1, the COD from 1324 to 320 mg L-1, TSS from 4485 to 206 mg L-1, total protein content from 812 to 66 mg L-1 and oil and grease from 320 to 66 mg L-1. The separated dried precipitate averaged 50 g L-1 which was found to contain 40% by weight recovered protein and 20% recovered fat. The solid was ideal for on-site reprocessing as animal feed. As well, the final effluent, if not discharged to the area sewer, was safe for controlled use in some irrigation applications or forestry projects at the desert area surrounding the factory.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aguiar, A. L. C., Wajnsztajn, G. M. and Correa, I. C. P.: 1992a, ‘Liquid Effluents of Fish Processing Industries on Guanabara Bay-Minimization of Loads in Production and Treatment Alternatives’, in Proceedings of the First Ital.-Brazilian Symposium on Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, 29/3–3/4/1992, Vol. 12, pp. 131–141.
Aguiar, A. L. C., Wajnsztajn, G. M. and Correa, I. C. P.: 1992b, ‘Applicability of Anaerobic Reactors in the Industrial WW Treatment in the States of Rio de Janeiro’, ibid., Vol. 13, pp. 142–155.
Aguiar, A. L. C. and Sant'Anna Jr., G. L.: 1988, ‘Liquid effluents of fish canning industries of Rio de Janeiro State-treatment alternatives’, Env. Tech. Letters 9, 421.
American Public Health Association (APHA): 1992, Standard Methods For Examination of Water and Wastewater, APHA, 18th ed., Washington D.C., U.S.A.
ASRT (Academy of Scientific Research and Technology) Specialized Councils: 1989, ‘PotableWater and Its Resource’, in Encyclopedia for Environmental Legislation in the Arab Republic of Egypt, The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, State Ministry for Scientific Research and Higher Education, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 305–308 (in Arabic).
Bhalerao, S. D., Mulmuley, G. V., Ananthakrishna, S.M. and Potty, V. H.: 1989, ‘Waste and wastewater management in food industry, II. Milk and meat processing’, Indian Food Packer 43(3), 35–52.
Butenko, E. N. and Noskova, V. I.: 1976, ‘How to Reduce the Pollution of Effluent from Fish Processing Industry’, Rybnoe Khozyastvo 9, 69 (English Summary).
Cook, L. G., Harrower, K. M. and Mackey, A. P.: 1989, ‘Biological aspects of water management’, Water Science and Technology 21(2), 237.
Corning Scientific Instruments: 1984, ‘Chloride Electrode: Operating Instructions and Technical Specifications’, Corning Instruments, Medfiled, MA, U.S.A., 30 pp.
Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA): 1992, Environmental Action Plan, The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, Cabinet of Ministers, Cairo, Egypt, 127 pp.
Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA): 1993, Environmental Promulgation Law (Law 4/1994), The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, Cabinet of Ministers, Cairo, Egypt, 70 pp.
Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA): 1994, Executive Regulations of the Environmental Promulgation Law (Law 4/1994), The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, Cabinet of Ministers, Cairo, Egypt, 200 pp.
El-Gohary, F.: 1993, ‘Industrial Wastewater Management In Egypt’, in The Proceedings of the Second Egyptian Seminar on Industrial Wastewater Management, Cairo, Egypt, April 4–6 1993, pp. 1–21.
Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection (ECEP/USAID-Cairo): 1994, Boiler Water Treatment, Federation of Egyptian Industries, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 1–17.
Eweiss, M. A.W. and Mohammed, K. A.: 1991, Industrial Development and Its Effects on the Environment in the Arab Republic of Egypt, The General Organization for Industrialization (GOFI), The Ministry of Industry, Egypt, 50 pp. (in Arabic).
Fallows, S. J. and Wheelock, J. V.: 1982, ‘By-products from the U.K. food system. 2) The meat industry’, Conservation and Recycling 5(4), 173.
Food Industries Manual (FIM): 1993, ‘2. Fish And Fish Products’, in M. D. Ranken and R. C. Kill (eds.), Food Industries Manual, 23rd ed., Leatherhead Food Research Association, Blackie Academic and Professional, Great Britain, pp. 42–72.
General Organization for Industrialization (GOFI): 1996, ‘Industrial Data Printout’, Computer Information Center, General Organization for Industrialization (GOFI), Ministry of Industry and Mineral Wealth, Cairo, Egypt, 10 pp.
Industry and Environment Office-United Nations Environment Program (IEO/UNEP): 1982, Guidelines on Management of Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Residue Utilization, United Nations Industry Development Organization (UNIDO), Geneva, Switzerland, 99 pp.
Ismailia City: 1987, ‘The Canal Canning Company’, Directory of Ismailia City Industrial Area, The City of Ismailia, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, 80 pp.
JICA/IPCE (Japan International Cooperation Association): 1993, ‘Industrial Pollution Control Engineering (IPCE)’, Group Training Course Lectures, June 14–October 21, 1993, JICA Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.
Kanji, G. K.: 1993, 100 Statistical Tests, SAGE Publications Ltd., London, Newbury Park, CA, U.S.A., 130 pp.
Kuznetsova, A. E., Stepanova, O. A., Baraboshinka, N. F., Isakova, A. E., Kulagina, N. L. and Lipkina, R. M.: 1986, ‘Effective Treatment of Meat Processing Effluent’, Myasnaya Industriya SSSR 3, 36–40 (English Summary).
Lipschutz, S.: 1974, Schaum's Outline Series: Theory and Problems of Probability (SI Metric Edition), McGraw-Hill Book Company, Great Britain, pp. 78–85.
Manahan, S. E.: 1994, Environmental Chemistry, 6th ed., CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL, U.S.A., pp. 223–262.
Metcalf and Eddy Inc.: 1991, G. Tchobanologus and F. Burton (eds.), Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal and Reuse, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, U.S.A., Ch. 3, pp. 47–120
ORION Research: 1974, Instruction Manual Sulfide Ion Electrode and Silver Ion Electrode, Model 94–16. Orion Research, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A., 35 pp.
ORION Research: 1977, Instruction Manual Divalent Cation Electrode, Model 93–32, Orion Research, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A., 35 pp.
ORION Research: 1979, Instruction Manual 93 series Electrodes (Nitrate), Orion Research, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A., 35 pp.
ORION Research: 1982, Instruction Manual Sodium Electrodes: Model 94–11 and Model 96–11, Orion Research, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A., 35 pp.
Qasim, S. R.: 1985, Wastewater Treatment Plant, CBS College Publishing, New York, U.S.A., pp. 23–45.
Russell, J. M., Cooper, R. N. and Lindsey, S. B.: 1991, ‘Reuse of wastewater from meat processing plants for agricultural and forestry irrigation’, Water Science and Technology 24(9), 277.
Rusten, B., Eikeborkk, B. and Thorvaldsen, G.: 1990, ‘Coagulation as pretreatment of food industry wastewater’, Water Science and Technology 22(9), 1.
Toro, G. and Ackermann, P.: 1975, Practical Clinical Chemistry, 1st ed., U.S.A., pp. 171–182.
Vogel, Arthur: 1978, Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, 4th ed., Longman, U.S.A., pp. 121–134.
World Bank: 1988, ‘Guidelines: Fish and Shellfish Processing’, Environmental Guidelines, September 1988, pp. 87–95.
Ziminska, H.: 1985, ‘Protein Recovery from Fish Wastewaters. Agricultural Waste Utilization and Management’, Proceeding of the 5th International Symposium on Agricultural Wastes (ASAE), December 16–17, 1985, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A., pp. 379–385.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fahim, F.A., Fleita, D.H., Ibrahim, A.M. et al. Evaluation of some Methods for Fish Canning Wastewater Treatment. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 127, 205–226 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005292204184
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005292204184