Abstract
Using the symmetric energy-momentum complexes of Landau and Lifshitz,Papapetrou, and Weinberg, we obtain the energy of the universe in anisotropicBianchi type I cosmological models. The energy (due to matter plus field) isfound to be zero and this agrees with a previous result of Banerjee and Sen, whoinvestigated this problem using the Einstein energy-momentum complex. Ourresult supports the importance of the energy-momentum complexes andcontradicts the prevailing folklore that different energy-momentum complexescould give different and hence unacceptable energy distribution in a givenspace-time. The result that the total energy of the universe in these models is zerosupports the viewpoint of Tryon. Rosen computed the total energy of the closedhomogeneous isotropic universe and found it to be zero, which agrees with thestudies of Tryon.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Aguirregabiria, J. M., Chamorro, A., and Virbhadra, K. S. (1996). General Relativity and Gravitation, 28, 1393.
Banerjee, N., and Sen, S. (1997). Pramana·Journal of Physics, 49, 609.
Bergqvist, G. (1992). Classical and Quantum Gravity, 9, 1753.
Bondi, H. (1990). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A, 427, 249.
Brown, J. D., and York, J. W., Jr. (1993). Physical Review D, 47, 1407.
Chamorro, A., and Virbhadra, K. S. (1995). Pramana·Journal of Physics, 45, 181.
Chamorro, A., and Virbhadra, K. S. (1996). International Journal of Modern Physics D, 5, 251.
Cooperstock, F. I. (1994). General Relativity and Gravitation, 26, 323.
Cooperstock, F. I., and Richardson, S. A. (1991). In Proceedings of the 4th Canadian Conference on General Relativity and Relativistic Astrophysics, World Scientific, Singapore.
Cooperstock, F. I., and Sarracino, R. S. (1978). Journal of Physics A, 11, 877.
Johri, V. B., Kalligas, D., Singh, G. P., and Everitt, C. W. F. (1995). General Relativity and Gravitation, 27, 313.
Landau, L. D., and Lifshitz, E. M. (1987). The Classical Theory of Fields, Pergamon Press, p. 280.
Misner, C. W., Thorne, K. S., and Wheeler, J. A. (1973). Gravitation, Freeman, San Francisco, NY, p. 603.
Papapetrou, A. (1948). Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy A, 52, 11.
Penrose, R. (1982). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A, 381, 53.
Rosen, N. (1994). General Relativity and Gravitation, 26, 319.
Rosen, N. and Virbhadra, K. S. (1993). General Relativity and Gravitation, 25, 429.
Seifert, H. J. (1979). General Relativity and Gravitation, 10, 1065.
Thorne, K. S. (1972). in MagicWithout Magic, J. R. Klauder, ed., Freeman, San Francisco, p. 231.
Tryon, E. P. (1973). Nature, 246, 396.
Virbhadra, K. S. (1990a). Physical Review D, 42, 1066.
Virbhadra, K. S. (1990b). Physical Review D, 427, 2919.
Virbhadra, K. S. (1992). Pramana·Journal of Physics, 38, 31.
Virbhadra, K. S. (1995). Pramana·Journal of Physics, 45, 215.
Virbhadra, K. S. (1997). International Journal of Modern Physics A, 12, 4831.
Virbhadra, K. S. (1999). gr-qc/9809077; Physical Review D, in press.
Virbhadra, K. S. and Parikh, J. C. (1993). Physics Letters B, 317, 312.
Virbhadra, K. S. and Parikh, J. C. (1994). Physics Letters B, 331, 302; (1994) Erratum, 340, 265.
Weinberg, S. (1972). Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of General Theory of Relativity, J Wiley, New York, p. 165.
Xulu, S. S. (1998a). International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 37, 1773.
Xulu, S. S. (1998b). International Journal of Modern Physics D, 7, 773.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xulu, S.S. Total Energy of the Bianchi Type I Universes. International Journal of Theoretical Physics 39, 1153–1161 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003670928681
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003670928681