Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The tylosin-biosynthetic genes of Streptomyces fradiae

  • Published:
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The tylosin-biosynthetic (tyl) gene cluster occupies about 1% of the genome of Streptomyces fradiae and includes at least 43 open reading frames. In addition to structural genes required for tylosin production, the tylcluster contains three resistance determinants and several regulatory genes. Tylosin production is evidently controlled by pathway-specific and pleiotropic regulators with the likely involvement of γ-butyrolactone signalling factors. Accumulation of the polyketide aglycone is controlled by glycosylated macrolides and optimal performance of the complex polyketide synthase enzyme requires the activity of an editing thioesterase.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baltz RH & Seno ET (1988) Genetics of Streptomyces fradiae and tylosin biosynthesis. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 42: 547-574

    Google Scholar 

  • Bate N, Butler AR, Gandecha AR & Cundliffe E (1999) Multiple regulatory genes in the tylosin-biosynthetic cluster of Streptomyces fradiae. Chem. Biol. 6: 617-624

    Google Scholar 

  • Bate N, Butler AR, Smith IP & Cundliffe E (2000) The mycarose-biosynthetic genes of Streptomyces fradiae, producer of tylosin. Microbiology 146: 139-146

    Google Scholar 

  • Bate N & Cundliffe E (1999) The mycinose-biosynthetic genes of Streptomyces fradiae, producer of tylosin. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 23: 118-122

    Google Scholar 

  • Birmingham VA, Cox KL, Larson JL, Fishman SE, Hershberger CL & Seno ET (1986) Cloning and expression of a tylosin resistance gene from a tylosin-producing strain of Streptomyces fradiae. Mol. Gen. Genet. 204: 532-539

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler AR, Bate N, Cundliffe E (1999) Impact of thioesterase activity on tylosin biosynthesis in Streptomyces fradiae. Chem. Biol. 6: 287-292

    Google Scholar 

  • Chater KF & Bibb MJ (1997) Regulation of bacterial antibiotic production. Products of secondary metabolism. In: Kleinkauf H & von Dören H (Eds) Biotechnology, Vol 7 (pp 59-105). VCH, Weinheim, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Cundliffe E (1989) How antibiotic-producing organisms avoid suicide. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 43: 207-233

    Google Scholar 

  • Fish SA & Cundliffe E (1997) Stimulation of polyketide metabolism in Streptomyces fradiae by tylosin and its glycosylated precursors. Microbiology 143: 3871-3876

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishman SE, Cox K, Larson JL, Reynolds PA, Seno ET, Yeh WK, Van Frank R & Hershberger CL (1987) Cloning genes for the biosynthesis of a macrolide antibiotic. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 8248-8252

    Google Scholar 

  • Fouces R, Mellado E, Díez B & Barredo JL (1999) The tylosin biosynthetic cluster from Streptomyces fradiae: genetic organization of the left region. Microbiology 145: 855-868

    Google Scholar 

  • Gandecha AR & Cundliffe E (1996) Molecular analysis of tlrD, an MLS resistance determinant from the tylosin producer, Streptomyces fradiae. Gene 180: 173-176

    Google Scholar 

  • Gandecha AR, Large SL & Cundliffe E (1997) Analysis of four tylosin biosynthetic genes from the tylLM region of the Streptomyces fradiae genome. Gene 184: 197-203

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinoshita H, Ipposhi H, Okamoto S, Nakano H, Nihira T & Yamada Y (1997) Butyrolactone autoregulator receptor protein (BarA) as a transcriptional regulator in Streptomyces virginiae. J. Bacteriol. 179: 6986-6993

    Google Scholar 

  • Merson-Davies LA & Cundliffe E (1994) Analysis of five tylosin biosynthetic genes from the tylIBA region of the Streptomyces fradiae genome. Mol. Microbiol. 13: 349-355

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakano H, Takehara E, Nihira T & Yamada Y (1998) Gene replacement analysis of the Streptomyces virginiae barA gene encoding the butyrolactone autoregulator receptor reveals that BarA acts as a repressor in virginiamycin biosynthesis. J. Bacteriol. 180: 3317-3322

    Google Scholar 

  • Noble JA, Innis MA, Koonin EV, Rudd KE, Banuett F & Herskowitz I (1993) The Escherichia coli hflA locus encodes a putative GTP-binding protein and two membrane proteins, one of which contains a protease-like domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 90: 10866-10870

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosteck Jr, PR, Reynolds PA & Hershberger CL (1991) Homology between proteins controlling Streptomyces fradiae tylosin resistance and ATP-binding transport. Gene 102: 27-32

    Google Scholar 

  • Wietzorrek A & Bibb M (1997) A novel family of proteins that regulates antibiotic production in streptomycetes appears to contain an OmpR-like DNA-binding fold. Mol. Microbiol. 25: 1177-1184

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK Author for correspondence; E-mail

    Eric Cundliffe, Neil Bate, Andrew Butler, Steven Fish, Atul Gandecha & Louise Merson-Davies

Authors
  1. Eric Cundliffe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Neil Bate
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Andrew Butler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Steven Fish
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Atul Gandecha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Louise Merson-Davies
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eric Cundliffe.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cundliffe, E., Bate, N., Butler, A. et al. The tylosin-biosynthetic genes of Streptomyces fradiae. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 79, 229–234 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012065300116

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012065300116

Search

Navigation