REFERENCES
J. T. Fell and G. A. Digenis. Imaging and behaviour of oral dosage forms in vivo. Int. J. Pharm. 22:1-15 (1984).
G. Jobin, A. Corot, J. Godbillon, M. Duval, J. P. Schoeller, J. Hirtz, and J. J. Bernier. Investigation of drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract of man. I. Metoprolol in stomach, duodenum and jejunum. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 19:97S-105S (1985).
N. Vidon, D. Evard, J. Godbillon, M. Rongier, M. Duval, J. P. Schoeller, J. J. Bernier, and J. Hirtz. Investigation of drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract of man. II. Metoprolol in the jejunum and ileum. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 19:107S-112S (1985).
D. Gardner, R. Casper, F. Leith, and I. Wilding. Noninvasive methodology for assessing regional drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Pharm. Technol. 21:82-89 (1997).
H. Leneernas, O. Ahrenstedt, R. Hallgren, L. Knutson, M. Ryde, and L. K. Paalzow. Regional jejunal perfusion, a new in vivo approach to study oral drug absorption in man. Pharm. Res. 10:1243-1251 (1992).
D. J. Schuirmann. A comparison of the two one-sided tests procedure and the power approach for assessing equivalence of average bioavailability. J. Pharmacokinetic Biopharm. 6:657-680 (1987).
W. H. Barr, E. M. Zola, E. L. Candler, S-M. Hwang, A. V. Tendolkar, R. Shamburek, B. Parker, and M. Hilty. Differential absorption of amoxicillin from the human small and large intestine. Clin. Pharm. Ther. 56:279-285 (1994).
K. K. H. Chan, A. B. Buch, R. D. Glazer, V. A. John, and W. H. Barr; Site-differential gastrointestinal absorption of benazepril hydrochloride in healthy volunteers. Pharm. Res. 11:432-437 (1994).
M. F. Williams, G. E. Dukes, W. Heizer, Y.-H. Han, D. J. Hermann, T. Lampkin, and L. J. Hak. Influence of gastrointestinal site of drug delivery on the absorption characteristics of ranitidine. Pharm. Res. 9:1190-1196 (1992).
P. E. Warner, K. L. R. Brouwer, E. K. Hussey, G. E. Dukes, W. D. Heizer, K. H. Donn, I. M. Davis, and J. R. Powell. Sumitriptan absorption from different regions of the human gastrointestinal tract. Pharm. Res. 12:138-143 (1995).
W. N. Charman, M. C. Rogge, A. W. Boddy, W. H. Barr, and B. M. Berger. Absorption of danazol after administration to different sites of the gastrointestinal tract and the relationship to single-and double-peak phenomena in the plasma profiles. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 33:1207-1213 (1993).
L. K. Tay, F. Dixon, Jr., M. B. Sostrin, W. H. Barr, R. H. Farmen, and K. A. Pittman. The site differential gastrointestinal absorption of gepirone in humans. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 32:827-832 (1992).
W. Homsy, G. Caille, and P du Souich. The site of absorption in the small intestine determines diltiazem bioavailability in the rabbit. Pharm. Res. 12:1722-1726 (1995).
W. H. Barr. The role of intestinal metabolism on bioavailability. In P. G. Welling, F. L. S. Tse, and S. V. Dighe (eds). Pharmaceutical Bioequivalence, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1991, pp. 149-168.
D. C. Taylor, R. Grundy, and B. Loveday. Chronic dog intestinal loop model for studying drug absorption as exemplified by beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents, atenolol and propranolol. J. Pharm. Sci. 70:516-521 (1981).
C. M. Castleden, C. F. George, and M. D. Short. Contribution of individual differences in gastric emptying to variability in plasma propranolol concentrations. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 5:121-122 (1978).
T. Walle, U. K. Walle, and L. S. Olanoff. Quantitative account of propranolol metabolism in urine of normal man. Drug Metab. Disp. 13:204-209 (1985).
E. Diczfalusy, C. Franksson, and B. Martinsen. Oestrogen conjugation by the human intestinal tract. Acta Endocrin. 38:59-72 (1961).
P. Du Souich, H. Maurice, and L. Heroux. Contribution of the small intestine to the first-pass uptake and systemic clearance of propranolol in rabbits. Drug Metab. Disp. 23:279-284 (1995).
D. R. Krishna and U. Klotz. Extrahepatic metabolism of drugs in humans. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 26:144-160 (1994).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Buch, A., Barr, W.H. Absorption of Propranolol in Humans Following Oral, Jejunal, and Heal Administration. Pharm Res 15, 953–957 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011997120293
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011997120293