Skip to main content
Log in

Virtual Solar System Project: Learning Through a Technology-Rich, Inquiry-Based, Participatory Learning Environment

  • Published:
Journal of Science Education and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this manuscript we describe an introductory astronomy course for undergraduate students in which we moved from the large-lecture format to one in which students were immersed in a technologically-rich, inquiry-based, participatory learning environment. Specifically, undergraduate students used 3-D modeling tools to construct virtual reality models of the solar system, and in the process, build rich understandings of various astronomical phenomena. For this study, primarily naturalistic inquiry was used to gain a holistic view of this semester-long course. These data are presented as two case studies focusing on: (1) the role of the teacher in this participatory learning environment; (2) the particular dynamics that formed in each group; (3) the modeling process; (4) the resources used, specifically student-developed inscriptions; and (5) the role of technology and whether learning the technology interfered with learning astronomy. Results indicated that VR can be used effectively in regular undergraduate university courses as a tool through which students can develop rich understandings of various astronomical phenomena.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Allen, B. S., and Otto, R. G. (1996). Media as lived environments: The ecological psychology of Educational technology. In: Jonassen, D. (Ed.), The Handbook of Research for Educational Communications and Technology, Simon and Schuster Macmillan, New York, NY, pp. 199–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barab, S. A. (1999). Ecologizing instruction through integrated units. Middle School Journal 30: 21–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barab, S. A., Cherkes-Julkowski, M., Swenson, R., Garrett, S., Shaw, R. E., and Young, M. F. (1999). Principles of selforganization: Ecologizing the learner-facilitator system. The Journal of the Learning Sciences 8(3&4): 349–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barab, S. A., and Duffy, T. (in press). From practice fields to communities of practice. Jonassen, D., and Land, S. (Eds.), Theoretical Foundations of Learning Environments, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

  • Barab, S. A., Hay, K. E., Barnett, M. G., and Squire, K. (1998, May). Constructing Knowledge and Virtual Worlds: Knowledge Diffusion in Future Camp 97. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, California.

  • Barab, S. A., Hay, K., and Duffy, T. (1998). Grounded Constructions and How Technology Can Help. Technology Trends 43(2): 15–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baxter, J. (1991). A constructivist approach to astronomy in the National Curriculum. Physics Education 26: 38–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bednar, A. K., Cunningham, D., Duffy, T. M., and Perry, D. J. (1992). Theory into practice: How do we link? In Duffy, T., and Jonassen, D. (Eds.), Constructivism and the Technology of Instruction, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey, pp. 17–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blumenfeld, P. C., Marx, R. W., Soloway, E., and Krajcik, J. (1996). Learning with peers: From small group cooperation to collaborative communities. Educational Researcher 25(8): 37–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bransford, J. D., Franks, J. J., Vye, N. J., and Sherwood, R. D. (1989). New approaches to instruction: Because wisdom can't be told. In Vosinadou, S., and Ortony A. (Eds.), Similarity and Analogical Reasoning, Cambridge University Press, Massachusetts, pp. 470–497.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L. (1992). Design experiments: Theoretical and methodological challenges in creating complex interventions in classroom settings. The Journal of the Learning Sciences 2: 141–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byrne, C. M. (1996). Water on tap: The use of virtual reality as an educational tool. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, K. M. (1997).A Constructivist Approach to Reflective Judgement and Science Literacy in Introductory College Science Instruction. Paper presented at the Northern Rocky Mountain Educational Research Association.

  • Cognition and Technology Group at Vanderbilt. (1993). Anchored instruction and situated cognition revisited. Educational Technology 33: 52–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Confrey, J., and Doerr, H. M. (1994). Student modelers. Interactive Learning Environments 4(3): 199–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cordova, D. I., and Lepper, M. R. (1996). Intrinsic motivation and the process of learning: Beneficial effects of contextualization, personalization, and choice. Journal of Educational Psychology 88: 715–730.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dede, C., Salzman, M. C., Loftin, R. B., and Sprague, D. (in press). Multisensory immersion as amodeling environment for learning complex scientific concepts. Roverts, N., Feurzeig, W., and Hunter, B. (Eds.), Computer Modeling and Simulation in Science Education, Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.

  • Dewey, J. (1963). Experience & Education, Collier MacMillan, New York, NY (Original work published in 1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, L. D. (1995). The design and analysis of a mathematical microworld. Journal of Educational Computing Research 12: 77–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gay, E. (1994, Winter). Is virtual reality a good teaching tool? Virtual Reality Special Report, 51–59.

  • Gilbert, S. W. (1991). Model building and a definition of science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 28(1): 73–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guba, E. G., and Lincoln, Y. S. (1983). Epistemological and methodological bases of naturalistic inquiry. In Madaus, G. F., Scriven, M. S., and Stufflebeam D. L. (Eds.) Evaluation Models: Viewpoints on Educational and Human Services Evaluation, Kluwer-Nijhoff Publishing, Boston, Massachusetts, pp. 311–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay, K. E., and Barab, S. A. (1998, May). Building Worlds: Tools of Virtual Practice. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, California.

  • Hay, K. E., Johnson, H., Barab, S. A., and Barnett, M. G. (in press). The next best thing: Virtual reality in the astronomy classroom. To appear in Mercury.

  • Heibert, J., Carpenter, T. P., Fennema, E., Fuson, K., Human, P., Murray, H., Olivier, A., and Wearne, D. (1996). Problem solving as a basis for reform in curriculum and instruction: The case of mathematics. Educational Researcher 25(4): 12–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, S. L., Stratford, S. J., Krajcik, and Soloway, E. (1994). Making dynamic modeling accessible to precollege science students. Interactive Learning Environments 4(3): 233–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, D. W., and Johnson, R. T. (1990). Cooperative learning and achievement. In Sharan, S. (Ed.), Cooperative learning: Theory and research, Praeger, New York, pp. 23–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, D. W., and Johnson, R. T. (1994). Learning together. In Sharan S. (Ed.), Handbook of Cooperative Learning Methods, Greenwood Press, Connecticut, pp. 51–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonassen, D. H. (1991). Evaluating constructivist learning. Educational Technology 31: 28–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonassen, D. H. (1996) Computers in the Classroom: Mindtools for Critical Thinking, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keating, T., Barnett. M., and Barab, S. A. (1999, May). Student Learning Through Building Virtual Models. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Montreal, Candada.

  • Koschmann, T. (1996). CSCL: Theory and Practice of an Emerging Paradigm (Edited Volume). Erlbaum, Mawah, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Land, S. M., and Hannafin, M. J. (1996). A conceptual framework for the development of theories-in-action with open-ended learning environments. Educational Technology Research and Development 44: 37–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lave, J., and Wenger, E. (1991). Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehrer, R., Horvath, J., and Schauble, L. (1994). Developing model-based reasoning. Interactive Learning Environments 4(3): 219–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lincoln, Y. S., and Guba, E. G. (1986). But is it rigorous? Trustworthiness and authenticity in naturalistic evaluation. New Directions for Program Evaluation 30: 73–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCellan, H. (1996). Virtual realities. In Jonassen, D. (Ed.) Handbook of Research for Educational Communications and Technology, Kluwer-Nijhoff Publishing, Boston, Massachusetts, pp. 457–487.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nastasi, B., and Clements, D. H. (1991). Research on cooperative learning: Implications for practice. School Psychology Review 20: 110–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Science Foundation, Division of Undergraduate Education (1998). “shaping the future: New expectations for undergraduate education” [On-line]. Available: http://www.ehr.nsf.gov/EHR/DUE/documents/review/96139/start.htm

  • Newman, D., Griffin, P., and Cole, M. (1989). The Construction Zone, Cambridge University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olson, S. (1998). Stargazing. Teacher Magazine Feb: 25–28.

  • Osberg, K. M., Winn, W., Rose, H., Hollander, A., and Hoffman, H. (1997, May). “The Effect of Having Grade Seven Students Construct Virtual Environments on their Comprehension of Science.” In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association. Chicago, Illinois.

  • Papert, S. (1991). Situating constructionism. In Harel, I., and Papert, S. (Eds.), Constructionism: Research Reports and Essays, 1985–1990, Ablex, Norwood, New Jersey, pp. 1- 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pea, R. (1993). Practices of distributed intelligence and designs for education. In Salomon, G. (Ed.), Distributed Cognitions: Psychological and Educational Considerations, Cambridge University Press, UK, pp. 47–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfundt, H., and Duit, R. (1991). Students' Alternative Frameworks and Science Education. Bibliography. 3rd. Kiel Univ. (West Germany). Institut fuer die Paedagogik der. Naturwissenschaften.

  • Pyramid Film and Video. (1988). A private universe. An insightful lesson on how we learn [Flier] Author, Santa Monica, California.

  • Roth, W.-M. (1996). Knowledge diffusion in a grade 4- 5 classroom during a unit of civil engineering: An analysis of a classroom community in terms of its changing resources and practices. Cognition and Instruction 14: 170–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth, W.-M. (1998). Designing communities, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth, W.-M., and Bowen, G. M. (1995). Knowing and interacting: A study of culture, practices, and resources in a grade 8 openinquiry science classroom guided by a cognitive apprenticeship metaphor. Cognition and Instruction 13: 73–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth, W. M., and McGinn, M. K. (1998a). Inscriptions: Toward a theory of representing as social practice. Review of Educational Research 68(1): 35–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth, W. M., and McGinn, M. K. (1998b). Knowing, researching, and reporting science education: lessons from science and technology studies. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 35(2): 213–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruopp, R., Gal, S., Drayton, B., and Pfister, M. (1993). LabNet: Toward a Community of Practice, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutherford, F. J., and Ahlgren, A. (1990). Science for all Americans, Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabelli, N. (1994). On using technology for understandings science. Interactive Learning Environments 4(3): 195–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Savery, J., and Duffy, T. (1996). Problem based learning. An instructional model and its constructionist framework. In Wilson, B. (Ed.) Constructivist Learning Environments: Case Studies in Instructional Design, Educational Technology Publications, New Jersey, pp. 135–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scardamalia, M., and Bereiter, C. (1993). Computer support for knowledge-building communities. The Journal of The Learning Sciences 3: 265–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scriven, M. S. (1983). Evaluation methodologies. In Madaus, G. F., Scriven., M. S., and Stufflebeam, D. L. (Eds.) Evaluation Models: Viewpoints on Educational and Human Services Evaluation, Kluwer-Nijhoff Publishing, Massachusetts, pp. 229–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sfard, A. (1998). On two metaphors for learning and the dangers of choosing just one. Educational Researcher 27: 4–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharan, S. (1994). Cooperative learning and science. In Sharan, S. (Ed.), Handbook of Cooperative Learning Methods, Greenwood Press, Connecticut, pp. 227–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slavin, R. E. (1995). Cooperative Learning: Theory, Research, and Practice, Allyn and Bacon, Needham Heights, Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, J. (1983). Learning about energy: how pupils think in two domains. European Journal of Science Education 5: 49–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stake, R. E. (1983). Program evaluation, particularly responsive evaluation. In Madaus, G. F., Scriven., M. S., and Stufflebeam, D. L. (Eds.), Evaluation Models: Viewpoints on Educational and Human Services Evaluation, Kluwer-Nijhoff Publishing, Massachusetts, pp. 287–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stratford, S. J. (1997). A review of computer-based research in precollege science classrooms. The Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching 16: 3–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stratford, S. J., Krajcik, J., and Soloway, E. (1998). Secondary students' dynamic modeling processes: Analyzing, reasoning about, synthesizing, and testing models of stream ecosystems. Journal of Science Education and Technology 7(3): 215–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tobin, K., Espinet, M., Byrd, S. E., and Adams, D. (1988). Alternative perspectives of effective science teaching. Science Education 72: 433–451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wandersee, J. H., Mitzes, J. J., and Novak, J. D. (1994). Research on alternative conceptions in science. In Gabel, D. L. (Ed.), Handbook on Science Teaching and Learning, Macmillan Publishing Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, B. Y., and Frederikson, J. R. (1998). Inquiry, modeling, and metacognition: Making science accessible to all students. Cognition and Instruction 16(1): 3–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead, A. N. (1929). TheAims ofEducation and Other Essays, MacMillan, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winn, W. (1995). The Virtual Reality Roving Vehicle Project. Technological Horizons in Education Journal 23(5): pp.70–75.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Barab, S.A., Hay, K.E., Squire, K. et al. Virtual Solar System Project: Learning Through a Technology-Rich, Inquiry-Based, Participatory Learning Environment. Journal of Science Education and Technology 9, 7–25 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009416822783

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009416822783

Navigation